Germany Security Guard Test (§ 34a Sachkunde) 2026: Test de práctica 3

Test de práctica 3 de 4 de Germany Security Guard Test (§ 34a Sachkunde): 25 preguntas más con respuestas y explicaciones.

Vigilante de seguridad
Alemania
100 preguntas
Revisado el 11 de octubre de 2026

Pregunta 1 de 25
Which rule can justify harming a lesser legal interest to save a clearly more important one from a present danger?
- Prohibited interference (§ 858 BGB)
- Trespass (§ 123 StGB)
- Theft (§ 242 StGB)
- Justifying necessity (§ 34 StGB)
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: D. Justifying necessity (§ 34 StGB)
§ 34 StGB applies if the danger cannot be averted otherwise, the protected interest clearly outweighs the harmed one, and the act is an appropriate means.
Pregunta 2 de 25
Under § 127(1) StPO, who may temporarily arrest a person without a judge's order?
- Only police officers
- Anyone
- Only licensed security managers
- Only judges
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. Anyone
§ 127(1) StPO gives everyone (jedermann) the right to make a temporary arrest if the conditions are met.
Pregunta 3 de 25
What is the first condition for a citizen's temporary arrest under § 127(1) StPO?
- The person looks suspicious
- The person refuses to buy anything
- The person is caught in the act or chased immediately afterwards
- The person was seen near the site last week
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: C. The person is caught in the act or chased immediately afterwards
The person must be caught 'on fresh deed' (auf frischer Tat) or pursued straight after it.
Pregunta 4 de 25
Besides being caught in the act, what else must apply for a citizen's arrest under § 127(1) StPO?
- The person is a foreigner
- The person is suspected of trying to flee, or their identity cannot be confirmed straight away
- The client wants the person arrested
- The person is younger than 25
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. The person is suspected of trying to flee, or their identity cannot be confirmed straight away
There must be a reason to suspect flight, or it must be impossible to establish who the person is on the spot.
Pregunta 5 de 25
A shoplifter caught in the act shows a valid ID card, lives nearby and is calm. There is no sign they will run. May you arrest them under § 127 StPO?
- Yes, if the shop manager agrees
- Yes, but only for 24 hours
- Yes, any thief may always be held
- No, neither flight risk nor unknown identity applies
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: D. No, neither flight risk nor unknown identity applies
If the identity is known and there is no reason to suspect flight, the conditions of § 127(1) StPO are not met. Record the details and inform the police.
Pregunta 6 de 25
After making a temporary arrest, what must a guard do?
- Take them to the client's head office
- Hand the person over to the police without delay
- Question them until they confess
- Release them after a warning to keep them quiet
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. Hand the person over to the police without delay
A citizen's arrest only holds the person until the police take over. Call the police at once and do not hold the person longer than needed.
Pregunta 7 de 25
A visitor refuses to show ID when asked. Who may establish a person's identity using force?
- Any guard on site
- The building's cleaner
- The client's receptionist
- The police or the public prosecutor
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: D. The police or the public prosecutor
§ 163b StPO gives the power to establish identity to prosecutors and police. A guard can only ask, or use § 127 StPO if its conditions are met.
Pregunta 8 de 25
When is someone guilty of trespass (Hausfriedensbruch) under § 123 StGB?
- When they enter a shop during opening hours
- When they enter unlawfully, or stay and do not leave after being asked by the person entitled
- When they walk on a public pavement
- When they ask for directions at reception
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. When they enter unlawfully, or stay and do not leave after being asked by the person entitled
§ 123 StGB covers unlawful entry into homes, business premises or fenced property, and staying after a request to leave by the rights holder.
Pregunta 9 de 25
How is trespass under § 123 StGB normally prosecuted?
- Automatically, without any complaint
- Only if the entitled person files a complaint (Strafantrag)
- Only if a judge sees it happen
- Only if the trespasser is over 21
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. Only if the entitled person files a complaint (Strafantrag)
§ 123(2) StGB says the offence is only prosecuted on complaint. The rights holder, such as the owner or tenant, must request prosecution.
Pregunta 10 de 25
Within what time must a criminal complaint (Strafantrag) normally be filed?
- Ten years
- Three months from when the entitled person learns of the act and the offender
- Three days
- One year
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. Three months from when the entitled person learns of the act and the offender
§ 77b StGB sets a three-month period starting when the entitled person knows about the act and who did it.
Pregunta 11 de 25
What is theft under § 242 StGB?
- Damaging a window by accident
- Refusing to leave a building
- Taking someone else's movable thing with the intent to keep it unlawfully
- Borrowing a pen with the owner's permission
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: C. Taking someone else's movable thing with the intent to keep it unlawfully
Theft means taking another person's movable property intending to unlawfully appropriate it for yourself or a third person.
Pregunta 12 de 25
A thief caught in the act uses violence against a store detective to keep the stolen goods. What offence is this?
- Simple trespass
- Robbery-like theft (räuberischer Diebstahl, § 252 StGB)
- Insult
- Minor property damage
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. Robbery-like theft (räuberischer Diebstahl, § 252 StGB)
§ 252 StGB punishes a thief caught in the act who uses violence or threats to keep the loot in the same way as a robber.
Pregunta 13 de 25
What is bodily harm (Körperverletzung) under § 223 StGB?
- Taking someone's phone
- Insulting someone in writing
- Entering a building without permission
- Physically mistreating someone or damaging their health
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: D. Physically mistreating someone or damaging their health
§ 223 StGB covers physical mistreatment and harm to health. Even an attempt is punishable.
Pregunta 14 de 25
A store detective locks a customer in an office without any legal reason. Which offence may this be?
- Theft (§ 242 StGB)
- Insult (§ 185 StGB)
- Property damage (§ 303 StGB)
- Deprivation of liberty (Freiheitsberaubung, § 239 StGB)
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: D. Deprivation of liberty (Freiheitsberaubung, § 239 StGB)
§ 239 StGB makes it a crime to lock someone up or otherwise take away their freedom without a legal justification.
Pregunta 15 de 25
A guard sees a person collapse after an accident and simply walks away, although helping would be safe and possible. What may this be?
- A lawful choice with no consequences
- Self-defence (§ 32 StGB)
- Failure to render assistance (§ 323c StGB)
- Justifying necessity (§ 34 StGB)
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: C. Failure to render assistance (§ 323c StGB)
§ 323c StGB makes it a crime not to help in an accident or emergency when help is needed and can reasonably be expected.
Pregunta 16 de 25
From what age can a person be held criminally responsible in Germany?
- 14
- 12
- 18
- 7
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: A. 14
§ 19 StGB says anyone under 14 at the time of the act is not criminally responsible.
Pregunta 17 de 25
Under the Youth Courts Act (JGG), what is a 'juvenile' (Jugendlicher)?
- Someone aged 14 to 17 at the time of the act
- Someone aged 18 to 20
- Someone aged 7 to 13
- Anyone under 25
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: A. Someone aged 14 to 17 at the time of the act
§ 1 JGG defines a juvenile as 14 to under 18 and a young adult (Heranwachsender) as 18 to under 21.
Pregunta 18 de 25
Under the Criminal Code, which acts are punishable unless the law says otherwise?
- Only intentional acts
- Any act, whether intentional or not
- Only acts filmed on camera
- Only negligent acts
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: A. Only intentional acts
§ 15 StGB says only intentional conduct is punishable, unless the law expressly also punishes negligence.
Pregunta 19 de 25
At an event entrance, a guest refuses a bag check required by the house rules. What can the guard do?
- Take the bag and keep it
- Arrest the guest under § 127 StPO
- Refuse entry under the house rules, without searching by force
- Search the bag by force
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: C. Refuse entry under the house rules, without searching by force
Bag checks rely on the guest's consent. A guard has no police power to search, but the rights holder may refuse entry to someone who will not accept the conditions.
Pregunta 20 de 25
When can a security company show a 'need' (Bedürfnis) to have firearms under § 28 WaffG?
- Whenever it works at night
- When it shows it carries out guarding jobs that require firearms to protect a threatened person or object
- Whenever the client wants to look strong
- Whenever a guard asks for one
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. When it shows it carries out guarding jobs that require firearms to protect a threatened person or object
§ 28(1) WaffG accepts a need only if the company credibly shows guarding tasks that require firearms to protect endangered persons or objects.
Pregunta 21 de 25
When may a guard carry a company firearm under § 28 WaffG?
- Only on the way home
- Only while carrying out a specific guarding job
- Whenever the guard feels unsafe
- At any time, including off duty
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. Only while carrying out a specific guarding job
§ 28(2) WaffG limits carrying to the time a specific guarding task is actually being performed.
Pregunta 22 de 25
Before a company hands a firearm to a guard, what is needed under § 28 WaffG?
- The client's verbal approval
- Only the guard's signature
- The guard must be named to the authority, and the authority must agree
- A doctor's note
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: C. The guard must be named to the authority, and the authority must agree
§ 28(3) WaffG requires the employer to name the guard to the authority. Weapons may only be handed over after it agrees.
Pregunta 23 de 25
Under DGUV Vorschrift 23, which weapons may guards NOT carry on duty?
- Blank-firing or gas weapons
- Firearms checked by an expert within the last year
- Firearms issued by the employer after the authority agreed
- Officially tested pistols with a proof mark
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: A. Blank-firing or gas weapons
§ 19 DGUV Vorschrift 23 bans shock (blank-firing) and gas weapons for guard duty. Only officially tested firearms may be used.
Pregunta 24 de 25
How must a firearm be handed from one guard to another?
- Unloaded, and the receiving guard checks it immediately
- Wrapped in a cloth, without checking
- Loaded, so it is ready
- Through a third person
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: A. Unloaded, and the receiving guard checks it immediately
§ 21 DGUV Vorschrift 23 says weapons may only be handed over unloaded. The receiver checks the loading state and visible defects at once.
Pregunta 25 de 25
How must weapons and ammunition be stored under DGUV Vorschrift 23?
- Unloaded, in a steel cabinet with a security lock, kept separate from the ammunition
- In the company car overnight
- Loaded, in a desk drawer
- In the guard's locker together with ammunition
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: A. Unloaded, in a steel cabinet with a security lock, kept separate from the ammunition
§ 22 DGUV Vorschrift 23 requires at least steel cabinets with security locks, with weapons unloaded and stored apart from ammunition.

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