Germany Security Guard Test (§ 34a Sachkunde) 2026: Test de práctica 2

Test de práctica 2 de 4 de Germany Security Guard Test (§ 34a Sachkunde): 25 preguntas más con respuestas y explicaciones.

Vigilante de seguridad
Alemania
100 preguntas
Revisado el 11 de octubre de 2026

Pregunta 1 de 25
Which of these is personal data?
- The weather forecast for the site
- A video recording that shows a visitor's face
- The opening hours of the building
- The number of floors in the building
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. A video recording that shows a visitor's face
A recording in which a person can be recognised relates to an identifiable person, so data protection law applies.
Pregunta 2 de 25
A client uses video cameras in an area open to the public. What must be made clear to people?
- The guard's home address
- That cameras are in use, and who is responsible for them
- Nothing; cameras may be hidden
- The price of the camera system
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. That cameras are in use, and who is responsible for them
§ 4 BDSG requires that the surveillance and the name and contact details of the responsible party be made recognisable as early as possible, for example with signs.
Pregunta 3 de 25
When must video recordings be deleted?
- Only when the camera breaks
- Without delay, once they are no longer needed
- Never
- After ten years
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. Without delay, once they are no longer needed
§ 4(5) BDSG requires deletion without delay when the data is no longer needed or when the interests of the people filmed outweigh keeping it.
Pregunta 4 de 25
Which data protection principle means collecting only the data you really need?
- Data minimisation
- Data sharing
- Data maximisation
- Open data
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: A. Data minimisation
Article 5 GDPR says personal data must be adequate, relevant and limited to what is necessary for the purpose.
Pregunta 5 de 25
A visitor list was collected for access control. Can the client use it to send advertising?
- Yes, any use is allowed once data is collected
- Yes, if the guard agrees
- Yes, but only on weekends
- No, the data may only be used for the purpose it was collected for
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: D. No, the data may only be used for the purpose it was collected for
Under purpose limitation in Article 5 GDPR, data collected for one purpose may not simply be reused for an unrelated purpose.
Pregunta 6 de 25
Within what time must a company normally report a personal data breach to the supervisory authority?
- Within 72 hours of becoming aware of it
- Only if journalists ask
- Within 30 days
- Within 7 days
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: A. Within 72 hours of becoming aware of it
Article 33 GDPR requires notification without undue delay and, where possible, within 72 hours.
Pregunta 7 de 25
A person asks what data your company stores about them. What right are they using?
- The right to a hearing
- The right of assembly
- The right of access
- The right of petition
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: C. The right of access
Article 15 GDPR gives people the right to find out whether and which personal data about them is processed.
Pregunta 8 de 25
Which authority supervises data protection at private companies, such as security firms?
- The data protection authority of the federal state
- The federal tax office
- The local fire brigade
- The IHK exam committee
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: A. The data protection authority of the federal state
§ 40 BDSG makes the state data protection authorities responsible for supervising private bodies.
Pregunta 9 de 25
A friend asks you which people visited your client's office today. What do you do?
- Keep the information confidential
- Tell them only the famous names
- Tell them, since they are a friend
- Post the list online
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: A. Keep the information confidential
Personal data must be protected against unauthorised disclosure. Information from your post stays confidential.
Pregunta 10 de 25
What is the difference between owning a thing and possessing it?
- There is no difference
- The possessor always has more rights than the owner
- The owner has the legal right to it; the possessor has actual control over it
- Only companies can be owners
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: C. The owner has the legal right to it; the possessor has actual control over it
Under § 854 BGB, possession is actual control over a thing. Ownership is the full legal right, which may belong to someone else.
Pregunta 11 de 25
A guard controls a client's building on the client's instructions. What is the guard's legal position under the Civil Code?
- The tenant of the building
- The owner of the building
- A possession servant (Besitzdiener) acting for the client
- A public official
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: C. A possession servant (Besitzdiener) acting for the client
Under § 855 BGB, someone who exercises control for another person on their instructions is a possession servant. § 860 lets them use the possessor's self-help rights.
Pregunta 12 de 25
What may a possessor do against prohibited interference (verbotene Eigenmacht) under § 859 BGB?
- Take the offender's car
- Lock the offender in a room for a day
- Defend against it with force that is necessary
- Nothing; only the police may act
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: C. Defend against it with force that is necessary
§ 859(1) BGB allows the possessor to defend against prohibited interference with force. The force must still be necessary.
Pregunta 13 de 25
Someone grabs goods from a market stall and runs. The stall keeper chases and catches them right away. What does § 859 BGB allow?
- Nothing, because the person already left
- Taking the goods back from the person caught in the act or chased immediately
- Searching the person's home later
- Taking the person's wallet as compensation
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. Taking the goods back from the person caught in the act or chased immediately
§ 859(2) BGB allows a possessor to take a stolen movable thing back by force from an offender caught in the act or pursued immediately.
Pregunta 14 de 25
An act is necessary to defend against a present unlawful attack. What does § 227 BGB say about it?
- It is always a crime
- It must be paid for in full
- It is only allowed for police officers
- It is not unlawful
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: D. It is not unlawful
§ 227 BGB is the civil-law self-defence rule. An act required for self-defence is not unlawful, so no damages are owed for it.
Pregunta 15 de 25
A loose dog attacks a guard, and the guard injures the dog to stop it. Which rule can justify this?
- Self-help to secure a claim (§ 229 BGB)
- Temporary arrest (§ 127 StPO)
- Self-defence against a person (§ 32 StGB)
- Defensive necessity (§ 228 BGB)
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: D. Defensive necessity (§ 228 BGB)
§ 228 BGB allows damaging a thing (animals are treated like things here) that causes the danger, if it is necessary and the harm is not out of proportion.
Pregunta 16 de 25
To stop a fire spreading, a guard uses a neighbour's garden hose without asking. Which rule covers this, and what follows?
- Theft (§ 242 StGB); the guard must pay a fine
- Trespass (§ 123 StGB); the guard must be arrested
- Self-defence (§ 32 StGB); no compensation is ever owed
- Aggressive necessity (§ 904 BGB); the owner can claim compensation
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: D. Aggressive necessity (§ 904 BGB); the owner can claim compensation
§ 904 BGB lets you use someone else's property to avert much greater danger. The owner cannot forbid it but may demand compensation for any damage.
Pregunta 17 de 25
When does § 229 BGB allow self-help to secure your own claim?
- Whenever someone owes you money
- When official help cannot be obtained in time and the claim would otherwise be lost or much harder to enforce
- Only after a court judgment
- Whenever the police are busy with paperwork
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. When official help cannot be obtained in time and the claim would otherwise be lost or much harder to enforce
§ 229 BGB allows self-help, such as holding a debtor who is about to flee, only when authorities cannot help in time.
Pregunta 18 de 25
What limit does § 230 BGB place on self-help?
- It may be used to collect old debts
- It may last up to one week
- It may not go further than needed to avert the danger
- It may include punishment
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: C. It may not go further than needed to avert the danger
§ 230 BGB says self-help must not go beyond what is necessary. Seized goods or detained persons must be brought to the authorities without delay.
Pregunta 19 de 25
Under § 823 BGB, when must someone pay damages?
- When they unlawfully and intentionally or negligently harm another person's life, body, health, freedom or property
- Only when a contract says so
- Only when the damage is over 1,000 euros
- Only when the police write a report
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: A. When they unlawfully and intentionally or negligently harm another person's life, body, health, freedom or property
§ 823 BGB sets the basic rule for liability in tort: unlawful, culpable harm to protected rights must be compensated.
Pregunta 20 de 25
A guard negligently damages a visitor's car while on duty. Who can also be liable under § 831 BGB?
- The local police
- The car's manufacturer
- The IHK
- The security company that employs the guard
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: D. The security company that employs the guard
§ 831 BGB makes an employer liable for damage caused by staff doing their work, unless it chose and supervised them with due care.
Pregunta 21 de 25
A guard finds a wallet in the client's lobby. What should the guard do?
- Report it and hand it in, following the site's lost-property rules
- Take out the cash and throw away the wallet
- Keep it if no one asks within a day
- Leave it on the floor
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: A. Report it and hand it in, following the site's lost-property rules
Under § 965 BGB, a finder must notify the owner or the authority. On duty, follow the post orders for lost property and record the find.
Pregunta 22 de 25
Under § 32 StGB, against what kind of attack is self-defence (Notwehr) allowed?
- A lawful arrest by the police
- An insult posted online last week
- A present and unlawful attack
- A past attack that ended yesterday
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: C. A present and unlawful attack
§ 32 StGB defines self-defence as the defence needed to ward off a present, unlawful attack on yourself or another person.
Pregunta 23 de 25
A guard sees a man attacking a woman in the car park. May the guard defend her?
- Only if the woman is the client
- Yes, defending another person is covered by self-defence
- Only after the police give permission
- No, self-defence only covers your own body
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: B. Yes, defending another person is covered by self-defence
§ 32 StGB covers defending 'oneself or another'. This is often called defence of others (Nothilfe).
Pregunta 24 de 25
What does 'necessary' (erforderlich) defence mean in self-defence law?
- Any force the defender chooses
- The strongest force available
- The mildest of the equally effective means available
- Waiting until the attacker hits first twice
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: C. The mildest of the equally effective means available
Defence must be suitable to stop the attack, and of several equally effective options, the least harmful must be chosen.
Pregunta 25 de 25
An attacker stops, turns and runs away empty-handed. The guard chases and punches him. Is this self-defence?
- Yes, because the attacker started it
- Yes, self-defence lasts all day
- No, the attack is no longer present
- Yes, if the client agrees
Ver respuesta
Respuesta: C. No, the attack is no longer present
Self-defence only applies while an attack is present. Hitting someone after the attack has ended is not covered and may be bodily harm.

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