Germany Security Guard Test (§ 34a Sachkunde) 2026: Test d’entraînement 2

1. Question 1 sur 25

   Which of these is personal data?

   • AThe weather forecast for the site
   • BA video recording that shows a visitor's face
   • CThe opening hours of the building
   • DThe number of floors in the building
   Voir la réponse

   Réponse: B. A video recording that shows a visitor's face

   A recording in which a person can be recognised relates to an identifiable person, so data protection law applies.

2. Question 2 sur 25

   A client uses video cameras in an area open to the public. What must be made clear to people?

   • AThe guard's home address
   • BThat cameras are in use, and who is responsible for them
   • CNothing; cameras may be hidden
   • DThe price of the camera system
   Voir la réponse

   Réponse: B. That cameras are in use, and who is responsible for them

   § 4 BDSG requires that the surveillance and the name and contact details of the responsible party be made recognisable as early as possible, for example with signs.

3. Question 3 sur 25

   When must video recordings be deleted?

   • AOnly when the camera breaks
   • BWithout delay, once they are no longer needed
   • CNever
   • DAfter ten years
   Voir la réponse

   Réponse: B. Without delay, once they are no longer needed

   § 4(5) BDSG requires deletion without delay when the data is no longer needed or when the interests of the people filmed outweigh keeping it.

4. Question 4 sur 25

   Which data protection principle means collecting only the data you really need?

   • AData minimisation
   • BData sharing
   • CData maximisation
   • DOpen data
   Voir la réponse

   Réponse: A. Data minimisation

   Article 5 GDPR says personal data must be adequate, relevant and limited to what is necessary for the purpose.

5. Question 5 sur 25

   A visitor list was collected for access control. Can the client use it to send advertising?

   • AYes, any use is allowed once data is collected
   • BYes, if the guard agrees
   • CYes, but only on weekends
   • DNo, the data may only be used for the purpose it was collected for
   Voir la réponse

   Réponse: D. No, the data may only be used for the purpose it was collected for

   Under purpose limitation in Article 5 GDPR, data collected for one purpose may not simply be reused for an unrelated purpose.

6. Question 6 sur 25

   Within what time must a company normally report a personal data breach to the supervisory authority?

   • AWithin 72 hours of becoming aware of it
   • BOnly if journalists ask
   • CWithin 30 days
   • DWithin 7 days
   Voir la réponse

   Réponse: A. Within 72 hours of becoming aware of it

   Article 33 GDPR requires notification without undue delay and, where possible, within 72 hours.

7. Question 7 sur 25

   A person asks what data your company stores about them. What right are they using?

   • AThe right to a hearing
   • BThe right of assembly
   • CThe right of access
   • DThe right of petition
   Voir la réponse

   Réponse: C. The right of access

   Article 15 GDPR gives people the right to find out whether and which personal data about them is processed.

8. Question 8 sur 25

   Which authority supervises data protection at private companies, such as security firms?

   • AThe data protection authority of the federal state
   • BThe federal tax office
   • CThe local fire brigade
   • DThe IHK exam committee
   Voir la réponse

   Réponse: A. The data protection authority of the federal state

   § 40 BDSG makes the state data protection authorities responsible for supervising private bodies.

9. Question 9 sur 25

   A friend asks you which people visited your client's office today. What do you do?

   • AKeep the information confidential
   • BTell them only the famous names
   • CTell them, since they are a friend
   • DPost the list online
   Voir la réponse

   Réponse: A. Keep the information confidential

   Personal data must be protected against unauthorised disclosure. Information from your post stays confidential.

10. Question 10 sur 25

    What is the difference between owning a thing and possessing it?

    • AThere is no difference
    • BThe possessor always has more rights than the owner
    • CThe owner has the legal right to it; the possessor has actual control over it
    • DOnly companies can be owners
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: C. The owner has the legal right to it; the possessor has actual control over it

    Under § 854 BGB, possession is actual control over a thing. Ownership is the full legal right, which may belong to someone else.

11. Question 11 sur 25

    A guard controls a client's building on the client's instructions. What is the guard's legal position under the Civil Code?

    • AThe tenant of the building
    • BThe owner of the building
    • CA possession servant (Besitzdiener) acting for the client
    • DA public official
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: C. A possession servant (Besitzdiener) acting for the client

    Under § 855 BGB, someone who exercises control for another person on their instructions is a possession servant. § 860 lets them use the possessor's self-help rights.

12. Question 12 sur 25

    What may a possessor do against prohibited interference (verbotene Eigenmacht) under § 859 BGB?

    • ATake the offender's car
    • BLock the offender in a room for a day
    • CDefend against it with force that is necessary
    • DNothing; only the police may act
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: C. Defend against it with force that is necessary

    § 859(1) BGB allows the possessor to defend against prohibited interference with force. The force must still be necessary.

13. Question 13 sur 25

    Someone grabs goods from a market stall and runs. The stall keeper chases and catches them right away. What does § 859 BGB allow?

    • ANothing, because the person already left
    • BTaking the goods back from the person caught in the act or chased immediately
    • CSearching the person's home later
    • DTaking the person's wallet as compensation
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: B. Taking the goods back from the person caught in the act or chased immediately

    § 859(2) BGB allows a possessor to take a stolen movable thing back by force from an offender caught in the act or pursued immediately.

14. Question 14 sur 25

    An act is necessary to defend against a present unlawful attack. What does § 227 BGB say about it?

    • AIt is always a crime
    • BIt must be paid for in full
    • CIt is only allowed for police officers
    • DIt is not unlawful
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: D. It is not unlawful

    § 227 BGB is the civil-law self-defence rule. An act required for self-defence is not unlawful, so no damages are owed for it.

15. Question 15 sur 25

    A loose dog attacks a guard, and the guard injures the dog to stop it. Which rule can justify this?

    • ASelf-help to secure a claim (§ 229 BGB)
    • BTemporary arrest (§ 127 StPO)
    • CSelf-defence against a person (§ 32 StGB)
    • DDefensive necessity (§ 228 BGB)
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: D. Defensive necessity (§ 228 BGB)

    § 228 BGB allows damaging a thing (animals are treated like things here) that causes the danger, if it is necessary and the harm is not out of proportion.

16. Question 16 sur 25

    To stop a fire spreading, a guard uses a neighbour's garden hose without asking. Which rule covers this, and what follows?

    • ATheft (§ 242 StGB); the guard must pay a fine
    • BTrespass (§ 123 StGB); the guard must be arrested
    • CSelf-defence (§ 32 StGB); no compensation is ever owed
    • DAggressive necessity (§ 904 BGB); the owner can claim compensation
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: D. Aggressive necessity (§ 904 BGB); the owner can claim compensation

    § 904 BGB lets you use someone else's property to avert much greater danger. The owner cannot forbid it but may demand compensation for any damage.

17. Question 17 sur 25

    When does § 229 BGB allow self-help to secure your own claim?

    • AWhenever someone owes you money
    • BWhen official help cannot be obtained in time and the claim would otherwise be lost or much harder to enforce
    • COnly after a court judgment
    • DWhenever the police are busy with paperwork
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: B. When official help cannot be obtained in time and the claim would otherwise be lost or much harder to enforce

    § 229 BGB allows self-help, such as holding a debtor who is about to flee, only when authorities cannot help in time.

18. Question 18 sur 25

    What limit does § 230 BGB place on self-help?

    • AIt may be used to collect old debts
    • BIt may last up to one week
    • CIt may not go further than needed to avert the danger
    • DIt may include punishment
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: C. It may not go further than needed to avert the danger

    § 230 BGB says self-help must not go beyond what is necessary. Seized goods or detained persons must be brought to the authorities without delay.

19. Question 19 sur 25

    Under § 823 BGB, when must someone pay damages?

    • AWhen they unlawfully and intentionally or negligently harm another person's life, body, health, freedom or property
    • BOnly when a contract says so
    • COnly when the damage is over 1,000 euros
    • DOnly when the police write a report
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: A. When they unlawfully and intentionally or negligently harm another person's life, body, health, freedom or property

    § 823 BGB sets the basic rule for liability in tort: unlawful, culpable harm to protected rights must be compensated.

20. Question 20 sur 25

    A guard negligently damages a visitor's car while on duty. Who can also be liable under § 831 BGB?

    • AThe local police
    • BThe car's manufacturer
    • CThe IHK
    • DThe security company that employs the guard
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: D. The security company that employs the guard

    § 831 BGB makes an employer liable for damage caused by staff doing their work, unless it chose and supervised them with due care.

21. Question 21 sur 25

    A guard finds a wallet in the client's lobby. What should the guard do?

    • AReport it and hand it in, following the site's lost-property rules
    • BTake out the cash and throw away the wallet
    • CKeep it if no one asks within a day
    • DLeave it on the floor
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: A. Report it and hand it in, following the site's lost-property rules

    Under § 965 BGB, a finder must notify the owner or the authority. On duty, follow the post orders for lost property and record the find.

22. Question 22 sur 25

    Under § 32 StGB, against what kind of attack is self-defence (Notwehr) allowed?

    • AA lawful arrest by the police
    • BAn insult posted online last week
    • CA present and unlawful attack
    • DA past attack that ended yesterday
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: C. A present and unlawful attack

    § 32 StGB defines self-defence as the defence needed to ward off a present, unlawful attack on yourself or another person.

23. Question 23 sur 25

    A guard sees a man attacking a woman in the car park. May the guard defend her?

    • AOnly if the woman is the client
    • BYes, defending another person is covered by self-defence
    • COnly after the police give permission
    • DNo, self-defence only covers your own body
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: B. Yes, defending another person is covered by self-defence

    § 32 StGB covers defending 'oneself or another'. This is often called defence of others (Nothilfe).

24. Question 24 sur 25

    What does 'necessary' (erforderlich) defence mean in self-defence law?

    • AAny force the defender chooses
    • BThe strongest force available
    • CThe mildest of the equally effective means available
    • DWaiting until the attacker hits first twice
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: C. The mildest of the equally effective means available

    Defence must be suitable to stop the attack, and of several equally effective options, the least harmful must be chosen.

25. Question 25 sur 25

    An attacker stops, turns and runs away empty-handed. The guard chases and punches him. Is this self-defence?

    • AYes, because the attacker started it
    • BYes, self-defence lasts all day
    • CNo, the attack is no longer present
    • DYes, if the client agrees
    Voir la réponse

    Réponse: C. No, the attack is no longer present

    Self-defence only applies while an attack is present. Hitting someone after the attack has ended is not covered and may be bodily harm.

Clavier : 1–4 pour répondre, Entrée pour la question suivante.

L’examen réel : At least 50% of the points in the written part (60 of 120), then at least 50% in the oral part