Germany Security Guard Test (§ 34a Sachkunde) 2026: Test próbny 3

1. Pytanie 1 z 25

   Which rule can justify harming a lesser legal interest to save a clearly more important one from a present danger?

   • AProhibited interference (§ 858 BGB)
   • BTrespass (§ 123 StGB)
   • CTheft (§ 242 StGB)
   • DJustifying necessity (§ 34 StGB)
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   Odpowiedź: D. Justifying necessity (§ 34 StGB)

   § 34 StGB applies if the danger cannot be averted otherwise, the protected interest clearly outweighs the harmed one, and the act is an appropriate means.

2. Pytanie 2 z 25

   Under § 127(1) StPO, who may temporarily arrest a person without a judge's order?

   • AOnly police officers
   • BAnyone
   • COnly licensed security managers
   • DOnly judges
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   Odpowiedź: B. Anyone

   § 127(1) StPO gives everyone (jedermann) the right to make a temporary arrest if the conditions are met.

3. Pytanie 3 z 25

   What is the first condition for a citizen's temporary arrest under § 127(1) StPO?

   • AThe person looks suspicious
   • BThe person refuses to buy anything
   • CThe person is caught in the act or chased immediately afterwards
   • DThe person was seen near the site last week
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   Odpowiedź: C. The person is caught in the act or chased immediately afterwards

   The person must be caught 'on fresh deed' (auf frischer Tat) or pursued straight after it.

4. Pytanie 4 z 25

   Besides being caught in the act, what else must apply for a citizen's arrest under § 127(1) StPO?

   • AThe person is a foreigner
   • BThe person is suspected of trying to flee, or their identity cannot be confirmed straight away
   • CThe client wants the person arrested
   • DThe person is younger than 25
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   Odpowiedź: B. The person is suspected of trying to flee, or their identity cannot be confirmed straight away

   There must be a reason to suspect flight, or it must be impossible to establish who the person is on the spot.

5. Pytanie 5 z 25

   A shoplifter caught in the act shows a valid ID card, lives nearby and is calm. There is no sign they will run. May you arrest them under § 127 StPO?

   • AYes, if the shop manager agrees
   • BYes, but only for 24 hours
   • CYes, any thief may always be held
   • DNo, neither flight risk nor unknown identity applies
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   Odpowiedź: D. No, neither flight risk nor unknown identity applies

   If the identity is known and there is no reason to suspect flight, the conditions of § 127(1) StPO are not met. Record the details and inform the police.

6. Pytanie 6 z 25

   After making a temporary arrest, what must a guard do?

   • ATake them to the client's head office
   • BHand the person over to the police without delay
   • CQuestion them until they confess
   • DRelease them after a warning to keep them quiet
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   Odpowiedź: B. Hand the person over to the police without delay

   A citizen's arrest only holds the person until the police take over. Call the police at once and do not hold the person longer than needed.

7. Pytanie 7 z 25

   A visitor refuses to show ID when asked. Who may establish a person's identity using force?

   • AAny guard on site
   • BThe building's cleaner
   • CThe client's receptionist
   • DThe police or the public prosecutor
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   Odpowiedź: D. The police or the public prosecutor

   § 163b StPO gives the power to establish identity to prosecutors and police. A guard can only ask, or use § 127 StPO if its conditions are met.

8. Pytanie 8 z 25

   When is someone guilty of trespass (Hausfriedensbruch) under § 123 StGB?

   • AWhen they enter a shop during opening hours
   • BWhen they enter unlawfully, or stay and do not leave after being asked by the person entitled
   • CWhen they walk on a public pavement
   • DWhen they ask for directions at reception
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   Odpowiedź: B. When they enter unlawfully, or stay and do not leave after being asked by the person entitled

   § 123 StGB covers unlawful entry into homes, business premises or fenced property, and staying after a request to leave by the rights holder.

9. Pytanie 9 z 25

   How is trespass under § 123 StGB normally prosecuted?

   • AAutomatically, without any complaint
   • BOnly if the entitled person files a complaint (Strafantrag)
   • COnly if a judge sees it happen
   • DOnly if the trespasser is over 21
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   Odpowiedź: B. Only if the entitled person files a complaint (Strafantrag)

   § 123(2) StGB says the offence is only prosecuted on complaint. The rights holder, such as the owner or tenant, must request prosecution.

10. Pytanie 10 z 25

    Within what time must a criminal complaint (Strafantrag) normally be filed?

    • ATen years
    • BThree months from when the entitled person learns of the act and the offender
    • CThree days
    • DOne year
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    Odpowiedź: B. Three months from when the entitled person learns of the act and the offender

    § 77b StGB sets a three-month period starting when the entitled person knows about the act and who did it.

11. Pytanie 11 z 25

    What is theft under § 242 StGB?

    • ADamaging a window by accident
    • BRefusing to leave a building
    • CTaking someone else's movable thing with the intent to keep it unlawfully
    • DBorrowing a pen with the owner's permission
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    Odpowiedź: C. Taking someone else's movable thing with the intent to keep it unlawfully

    Theft means taking another person's movable property intending to unlawfully appropriate it for yourself or a third person.

12. Pytanie 12 z 25

    A thief caught in the act uses violence against a store detective to keep the stolen goods. What offence is this?

    • ASimple trespass
    • BRobbery-like theft (räuberischer Diebstahl, § 252 StGB)
    • CInsult
    • DMinor property damage
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    Odpowiedź: B. Robbery-like theft (räuberischer Diebstahl, § 252 StGB)

    § 252 StGB punishes a thief caught in the act who uses violence or threats to keep the loot in the same way as a robber.

13. Pytanie 13 z 25

    What is bodily harm (Körperverletzung) under § 223 StGB?

    • ATaking someone's phone
    • BInsulting someone in writing
    • CEntering a building without permission
    • DPhysically mistreating someone or damaging their health
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    Odpowiedź: D. Physically mistreating someone or damaging their health

    § 223 StGB covers physical mistreatment and harm to health. Even an attempt is punishable.

14. Pytanie 14 z 25

    A store detective locks a customer in an office without any legal reason. Which offence may this be?

    • ATheft (§ 242 StGB)
    • BInsult (§ 185 StGB)
    • CProperty damage (§ 303 StGB)
    • DDeprivation of liberty (Freiheitsberaubung, § 239 StGB)
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    Odpowiedź: D. Deprivation of liberty (Freiheitsberaubung, § 239 StGB)

    § 239 StGB makes it a crime to lock someone up or otherwise take away their freedom without a legal justification.

15. Pytanie 15 z 25

    A guard sees a person collapse after an accident and simply walks away, although helping would be safe and possible. What may this be?

    • AA lawful choice with no consequences
    • BSelf-defence (§ 32 StGB)
    • CFailure to render assistance (§ 323c StGB)
    • DJustifying necessity (§ 34 StGB)
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    Odpowiedź: C. Failure to render assistance (§ 323c StGB)

    § 323c StGB makes it a crime not to help in an accident or emergency when help is needed and can reasonably be expected.

16. Pytanie 16 z 25

    From what age can a person be held criminally responsible in Germany?

    • A14
    • B12
    • C18
    • D7
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    Odpowiedź: A. 14

    § 19 StGB says anyone under 14 at the time of the act is not criminally responsible.

17. Pytanie 17 z 25

    Under the Youth Courts Act (JGG), what is a 'juvenile' (Jugendlicher)?

    • ASomeone aged 14 to 17 at the time of the act
    • BSomeone aged 18 to 20
    • CSomeone aged 7 to 13
    • DAnyone under 25
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    Odpowiedź: A. Someone aged 14 to 17 at the time of the act

    § 1 JGG defines a juvenile as 14 to under 18 and a young adult (Heranwachsender) as 18 to under 21.

18. Pytanie 18 z 25

    Under the Criminal Code, which acts are punishable unless the law says otherwise?

    • AOnly intentional acts
    • BAny act, whether intentional or not
    • COnly acts filmed on camera
    • DOnly negligent acts
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    Odpowiedź: A. Only intentional acts

    § 15 StGB says only intentional conduct is punishable, unless the law expressly also punishes negligence.

19. Pytanie 19 z 25

    At an event entrance, a guest refuses a bag check required by the house rules. What can the guard do?

    • ATake the bag and keep it
    • BArrest the guest under § 127 StPO
    • CRefuse entry under the house rules, without searching by force
    • DSearch the bag by force
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    Odpowiedź: C. Refuse entry under the house rules, without searching by force

    Bag checks rely on the guest's consent. A guard has no police power to search, but the rights holder may refuse entry to someone who will not accept the conditions.

20. Pytanie 20 z 25

    When can a security company show a 'need' (Bedürfnis) to have firearms under § 28 WaffG?

    • AWhenever it works at night
    • BWhen it shows it carries out guarding jobs that require firearms to protect a threatened person or object
    • CWhenever the client wants to look strong
    • DWhenever a guard asks for one
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    Odpowiedź: B. When it shows it carries out guarding jobs that require firearms to protect a threatened person or object

    § 28(1) WaffG accepts a need only if the company credibly shows guarding tasks that require firearms to protect endangered persons or objects.

21. Pytanie 21 z 25

    When may a guard carry a company firearm under § 28 WaffG?

    • AOnly on the way home
    • BOnly while carrying out a specific guarding job
    • CWhenever the guard feels unsafe
    • DAt any time, including off duty
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    Odpowiedź: B. Only while carrying out a specific guarding job

    § 28(2) WaffG limits carrying to the time a specific guarding task is actually being performed.

22. Pytanie 22 z 25

    Before a company hands a firearm to a guard, what is needed under § 28 WaffG?

    • AThe client's verbal approval
    • BOnly the guard's signature
    • CThe guard must be named to the authority, and the authority must agree
    • DA doctor's note
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    Odpowiedź: C. The guard must be named to the authority, and the authority must agree

    § 28(3) WaffG requires the employer to name the guard to the authority. Weapons may only be handed over after it agrees.

23. Pytanie 23 z 25

    Under DGUV Vorschrift 23, which weapons may guards NOT carry on duty?

    • ABlank-firing or gas weapons
    • BFirearms checked by an expert within the last year
    • CFirearms issued by the employer after the authority agreed
    • DOfficially tested pistols with a proof mark
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    Odpowiedź: A. Blank-firing or gas weapons

    § 19 DGUV Vorschrift 23 bans shock (blank-firing) and gas weapons for guard duty. Only officially tested firearms may be used.

24. Pytanie 24 z 25

    How must a firearm be handed from one guard to another?

    • AUnloaded, and the receiving guard checks it immediately
    • BWrapped in a cloth, without checking
    • CLoaded, so it is ready
    • DThrough a third person
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    Odpowiedź: A. Unloaded, and the receiving guard checks it immediately

    § 21 DGUV Vorschrift 23 says weapons may only be handed over unloaded. The receiver checks the loading state and visible defects at once.

25. Pytanie 25 z 25

    How must weapons and ammunition be stored under DGUV Vorschrift 23?

    • AUnloaded, in a steel cabinet with a security lock, kept separate from the ammunition
    • BIn the company car overnight
    • CLoaded, in a desk drawer
    • DIn the guard's locker together with ammunition
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    Odpowiedź: A. Unloaded, in a steel cabinet with a security lock, kept separate from the ammunition

    § 22 DGUV Vorschrift 23 requires at least steel cabinets with security locks, with weapons unloaded and stored apart from ammunition.

Klawiatura: 1–4, aby odpowiedzieć, Enter – następne pytanie.

Prawdziwy egzamin: At least 50% of the points in the written part (60 of 120), then at least 50% in the oral part