Can a security officer use force in Australia?

Only where the law allows it, such as self-defence, defending others, a lawful arrest or removing a person who refuses to leave licensed premises. The force must be reasonable and necessary, and it must stop when the need ends.

Can I carry handcuffs or a baton?

Not unless your licence and state law allow it. A Queensland crowd controller licence does not authorise firearms, handcuffs or batons, and WA crowd controllers may not carry any weapon.

Does this course teach restraint or defensive techniques?

No. Physical skills must be learned in person from a registered training organisation as part of licence training, such as the unit on basic defensive techniques in the Certificate II in Security Operations. This course covers the law and de-escalation only.

What should I do after using force?

Make sure anyone hurt gets first aid or an ambulance on 000, tell your supervisor, and write a full report as soon as possible. At some venues, such as WA licensed premises, extra records are required.

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不是。这是一份私人颁发的结业证书，仅用于知识学习。它未获得任何政府、执照发放机构、监管机构或教育机构的认可、认证或批准，也不能替代法律要求的任何执照、资格证书或培训。

Use of Force Awareness Course (Australia) 2026

第1题，共25题

Under NSW self-defence law (Crimes Act 1900, s 418), what two things must be true?

You believed it was necessary, and it was a reasonable response as you saw things
You warned the person twice, and you were wearing your security licence at the time
You were hurt first, and you used exactly the same amount of force back at them
A witness saw the attack, and you called police before you did anything at all

显示答案

答案: A. You believed it was necessary, and it was a reasonable response as you saw things

The NSW bench book describes two parts: belief that the act was necessary to defend oneself, and a reasonable response in the circumstances as the person perceived them.

第2题，共25题

In a NSW criminal trial where self-defence is raised, who must prove that the act was NOT self-defence?

The security officer, on the balance of probabilities
The security company that employs the officer
The prosecution, beyond reasonable doubt
The person who was injured in the incident

显示答案

答案: C. The prosecution, beyond reasonable doubt

The Judicial Commission of NSW bench book says the Crown must prove beyond reasonable doubt that the act was not done in self-defence.

第3题，共25题

Which Victorian law sets out the defence of self-defence?

Liquor Control Reform Act 1998
Private Security Act 2004
Crimes Act 1958, section 322K
Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004

显示答案

答案: C. Crimes Act 1958, section 322K

Section 322K of the Crimes Act 1958 says a person is not guilty of an offence if they acted in self-defence.

第4题，共25题

Under Victoria's self-defence law, which of these situations can self-defence cover?

Getting back at someone who insulted you
Punishing a thief after they have left
Forcing a person to show you their ID
Defending another person from harm

显示答案

答案: D. Defending another person from harm

The note to s 322K lists defending yourself or another person, preventing unlawful deprivation of liberty, and protecting property.

第5题，共25题

Under Victoria's section 322K, can self-defence include protecting property?

Yes, but the response must still be reasonable
Yes, and any amount of force is then allowed
No, property can only be protected by police
No, it only ever covers defending your own body

显示答案

答案: A. Yes, but the response must still be reasonable

Section 322K lists protecting property as a situation where self-defence may apply, but the conduct must be a reasonable response.

第6题，共25题

Under NSW and Victorian self-defence laws, whose view of the circumstances is used to judge your response?

The circumstances as you perceived them at the time
Only what the CCTV footage of the incident shows afterwards
The view of the other person involved in the fight
Your employer's view after reading your report

显示答案

答案: A. The circumstances as you perceived them at the time

Both laws ask whether the conduct was a reasonable response in the circumstances as the person perceived them.

第7题，共25题

Queensland's Criminal Code s 271(1) applies when a person is unlawfully assaulted and what else is true?

They were on private property
They called police before acting
They did not provoke the assault
They are a licensed security officer

显示答案

答案: C. They did not provoke the assault

Section 271(1) applies when a person is unlawfully assaulted and has not provoked the assault.

第8题，共25题

What limit does Queensland's s 271(1) place on force used against an unprovoked assault?

It must be exactly the same type of force that the attacker first used on you
It must not be intended, or likely, to cause death or grievous bodily harm
It must only be used after a written warning has been given to the attacker
It must be approved by a supervisor over the radio before it is ever used

显示答案

答案: B. It must not be intended, or likely, to cause death or grievous bodily harm

Section 271(1) allows force reasonably necessary to make effectual defence, if it is not intended and not likely to cause death or grievous bodily harm.

第9题，共25题

Is the "reasonably necessary" test in Queensland's s 271(1) based only on how the defender felt?

No, it is an objective test of what was reasonably needed
Yes, the court must accept the defender's own opinion
Yes, any force is lawful if the defender felt scared
No, it depends only on how badly the attacker was hurt in the end

显示答案

答案: A. No, it is an objective test of what was reasonably needed

The Queensland benchbook says whether the force was reasonably necessary is an objective test.

第10题，共25题

In NSW, how much force may a police officer or other person use when making a lawful arrest?

As much force as needed to make sure the person never returns to the site
Any force at all, as long as the person was caught in the act of an offence
Only the force allowed in the client's written instructions for that site
Such force as is reasonably necessary to make the arrest or prevent escape

显示答案

答案: D. Such force as is reasonably necessary to make the arrest or prevent escape

Section 231 of the Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act 2002 sets this limit for police officers and other people making an arrest.

第11题，共25题

WA's Criminal Investigation Act 2006, s 16, says force used against a person when exercising a power is also subject to which law?

The Road Traffic Act
The Criminal Code
The Privacy Act
The Liquor Control Act

显示答案

答案: B. The Criminal Code

Section 16(3) says any use of force against a person under s 16(1) is subject to The Criminal Code Chapter XXVI.

第12题，共25题

Under NSW's Liquor Act 2007, when does a patron commit the offence of failing to leave licensed premises?

Only after the venue has warned them in writing first
Only if a police officer saw them drinking too much
As soon as they have had more than four drinks inside
When they stay after an authorised person asks them to leave

显示答案

答案: D. When they stay after an authorised person asks them to leave

NSW Police guidance on section 77 says the fail to quit offence is committed only if the person does not comply with a request to leave and stays on the premises. An authorised person includes the licensee, staff, security and police.

第13题，共25题

A person refuses to leave a NSW licensed venue and you do not want to use force. Who can the licensee or security ask to help remove them?

Other patrons
A taxi driver
The bar staff only
The police

显示答案

答案: D. The police

NSW Police guidance on section 77 says a licensee, employee or agent may ask police to remove, or help remove, a person the licensee is entitled to turn out.

第14题，共25题

Under Queensland's Liquor Act 1992, what may an authorised person do if a refused person tries to push their way in?

Use necessary and reasonable force to stop them entering
Hold the person in a back room until the venue closes
Use any force needed, because the person has been warned
Take the person's wallet as security until police arrive

显示答案

答案: A. Use necessary and reasonable force to stop them entering

Section 165A says an authorised person may use necessary and reasonable force to prevent the person from entering premises.

第15题，共25题

In WA, a person will not leave licensed premises when required. Under the Liquor Control Act 1988, what force may be used to remove them?

Any force the crowd controller likes
Only force approved by a magistrate
Force that leaves no visible marks
Force that is reasonably necessary

显示答案

答案: D. Force that is reasonably necessary

WA guidance on s 115 says that if the person does not comply, reasonably necessary force may be used to remove them.

第16题，共25题

You have removed a patron from a venue. They are now on the footpath, walking away. What should you do?

Let them go, because the reason for force has ended
Take their photo while holding them against a wall
Push them further down the street to make a point
Follow and hold them so they cannot come back later

显示答案

答案: A. Let them go, because the reason for force has ended

Force is only lawful while it is reasonably necessary. Once the person has left, there is no need for more force.

第17题，共25题

The person you are holding stops struggling and says they will leave quietly. What should you do?

Hold them harder so they know not to struggle again
Hold them on the ground until a manager comes to see
Release your hold and let them leave while you watch
Keep holding them tightly until the end of your shift

显示答案

答案: C. Release your hold and let them leave while you watch

A response must stay reasonable in the circumstances. Once the threat has ended, continuing force is no longer a reasonable response.

第18题，共25题

A small, unarmed person pushes you once and then backs away. Which response is most likely to be seen as reasonable?

Chase them through the venue and hold them against a wall
Keep your distance, warn them calmly and call for backup
Take them to the ground at once to show who is in charge
Push them back twice as hard so they do not try it again

显示答案

答案: B. Keep your distance, warn them calmly and call for backup

Self-defence laws require a reasonable response. When the person backs away and is not armed, distance and calm words are usually enough.

第19题，共25题

Victorian event guidance says crowd controllers should manage patrons in which way?

Only after a fight starts, so they are not seen as pushy
With force first, so patrons know the rules are serious
From a distance only, leaving all problems to the police
Early and in a non-aggressive way, to prevent problems

显示答案

答案: D. Early and in a non-aggressive way, to prevent problems

The Victorian guidelines say crowd controllers can prevent problems rather than just react, and should use non-aggressive patron management early.

第20题，共25题

Where do security officers learn physical defensive techniques?

In licence training from a registered training organisation
From any experienced co-worker during their first shift
From this awareness course, which includes hands-on practice
From online videos, which count towards a security licence

显示答案

答案: A. In licence training from a registered training organisation

The Certificate II in Security Operations includes CPPSEC2106 Protect self and others using basic defensive techniques, delivered through an RTO.

第21题，共25题

Which item does a Queensland crowd controller licence NOT authorise you to carry?

A two-way radio
A notebook
A torch
Handcuffs

显示答案

答案: D. Handcuffs

Queensland says the crowd controller licence does not authorise you to carry firearms, handcuffs or batons.

第22题，共25题

Why is it dangerous to hold a person face down with weight on their back?

It can stop them breathing properly (asphyxia)
It makes the person more likely to run away
It is only risky if the person is very tall
It makes it harder for CCTV cameras to see them

显示答案

答案: A. It can stop them breathing properly (asphyxia)

Restraint that presses on the back, chest or neck can cause asphyxia. The NT regulator has issued a practice direction on asphyxia for security licensees.

第23题，共25题

A person you are restraining says they cannot breathe and goes limp. What should you do?

Wait for your supervisor to arrive before doing anything
Hold on until they stop talking, as they may be pretending
Move them to a back room and check on them in an hour
Release the pressure at once, call 000 and give first aid

显示答案

答案: D. Release the pressure at once, call 000 and give first aid

Trouble breathing is a medical emergency. Release pressure immediately, call Triple Zero (000) and give first aid.

第24题，共25题

In WA, physical force is used to remove a patron from licensed premises. What must the licensee's written statement include?

Only the patron's name and the last drink they were served at the bar
A promise that the patron will never be allowed back again
The opinion of other patrons about whether force was fair
The reason and each crowd controller who made physical contact

显示答案

答案: D. The reason and each crowd controller who made physical contact

WA guidance says the statement must give the reason and how the person was removed, and name each crowd controller who made physical contact.

第25题，共25题

Why should you write detailed notes promptly after using force?

Notes are needed only if the person was badly injured
It lets you leave out parts you are not proud of
Your actions may later be checked by police or a court
Your notes replace any need to tell your supervisor about it

显示答案

答案: C. Your actions may later be checked by police or a court

Use-of-force records can be inspected by police and used in court. WA licensed premises registers, for example, can be inspected by police officers.

Use of Force Awareness Course (Australia) 2026

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