Use of Force Awareness Course (Australia) 2026

1. Tanong 1 ng 25

   Under NSW self-defence law (Crimes Act 1900, s 418), what two things must be true?

   • AYou believed it was necessary, and it was a reasonable response as you saw things
   • BYou warned the person twice, and you were wearing your security licence at the time
   • CYou were hurt first, and you used exactly the same amount of force back at them
   • DA witness saw the attack, and you called police before you did anything at all
   Ipakita ang sagot

   Sagot: A. You believed it was necessary, and it was a reasonable response as you saw things

   The NSW bench book describes two parts: belief that the act was necessary to defend oneself, and a reasonable response in the circumstances as the person perceived them.

2. Tanong 2 ng 25

   In a NSW criminal trial where self-defence is raised, who must prove that the act was NOT self-defence?

   • AThe security officer, on the balance of probabilities
   • BThe security company that employs the officer
   • CThe prosecution, beyond reasonable doubt
   • DThe person who was injured in the incident
   Ipakita ang sagot

   Sagot: C. The prosecution, beyond reasonable doubt

   The Judicial Commission of NSW bench book says the Crown must prove beyond reasonable doubt that the act was not done in self-defence.

3. Tanong 3 ng 25

   Which Victorian law sets out the defence of self-defence?

   • ALiquor Control Reform Act 1998
   • BPrivate Security Act 2004
   • CCrimes Act 1958, section 322K
   • DOccupational Health and Safety Act 2004
   Ipakita ang sagot

   Sagot: C. Crimes Act 1958, section 322K

   Section 322K of the Crimes Act 1958 says a person is not guilty of an offence if they acted in self-defence.

4. Tanong 4 ng 25

   Under Victoria's self-defence law, which of these situations can self-defence cover?

   • AGetting back at someone who insulted you
   • BPunishing a thief after they have left
   • CForcing a person to show you their ID
   • DDefending another person from harm
   Ipakita ang sagot

   Sagot: D. Defending another person from harm

   The note to s 322K lists defending yourself or another person, preventing unlawful deprivation of liberty, and protecting property.

5. Tanong 5 ng 25

   Under Victoria's section 322K, can self-defence include protecting property?

   • AYes, but the response must still be reasonable
   • BYes, and any amount of force is then allowed
   • CNo, property can only be protected by police
   • DNo, it only ever covers defending your own body
   Ipakita ang sagot

   Sagot: A. Yes, but the response must still be reasonable

   Section 322K lists protecting property as a situation where self-defence may apply, but the conduct must be a reasonable response.

6. Tanong 6 ng 25

   Under NSW and Victorian self-defence laws, whose view of the circumstances is used to judge your response?

   • AThe circumstances as you perceived them at the time
   • BOnly what the CCTV footage of the incident shows afterwards
   • CThe view of the other person involved in the fight
   • DYour employer's view after reading your report
   Ipakita ang sagot

   Sagot: A. The circumstances as you perceived them at the time

   Both laws ask whether the conduct was a reasonable response in the circumstances as the person perceived them.

7. Tanong 7 ng 25

   Queensland's Criminal Code s 271(1) applies when a person is unlawfully assaulted and what else is true?

   • AThey were on private property
   • BThey called police before acting
   • CThey did not provoke the assault
   • DThey are a licensed security officer
   Ipakita ang sagot

   Sagot: C. They did not provoke the assault

   Section 271(1) applies when a person is unlawfully assaulted and has not provoked the assault.

8. Tanong 8 ng 25

   What limit does Queensland's s 271(1) place on force used against an unprovoked assault?

   • AIt must be exactly the same type of force that the attacker first used on you
   • BIt must not be intended, or likely, to cause death or grievous bodily harm
   • CIt must only be used after a written warning has been given to the attacker
   • DIt must be approved by a supervisor over the radio before it is ever used
   Ipakita ang sagot

   Sagot: B. It must not be intended, or likely, to cause death or grievous bodily harm

   Section 271(1) allows force reasonably necessary to make effectual defence, if it is not intended and not likely to cause death or grievous bodily harm.

9. Tanong 9 ng 25

   Is the "reasonably necessary" test in Queensland's s 271(1) based only on how the defender felt?

   • ANo, it is an objective test of what was reasonably needed
   • BYes, the court must accept the defender's own opinion
   • CYes, any force is lawful if the defender felt scared
   • DNo, it depends only on how badly the attacker was hurt in the end
   Ipakita ang sagot

   Sagot: A. No, it is an objective test of what was reasonably needed

   The Queensland benchbook says whether the force was reasonably necessary is an objective test.

10. Tanong 10 ng 25

    In NSW, how much force may a police officer or other person use when making a lawful arrest?

    • AAs much force as needed to make sure the person never returns to the site
    • BAny force at all, as long as the person was caught in the act of an offence
    • COnly the force allowed in the client's written instructions for that site
    • DSuch force as is reasonably necessary to make the arrest or prevent escape
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: D. Such force as is reasonably necessary to make the arrest or prevent escape

    Section 231 of the Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act 2002 sets this limit for police officers and other people making an arrest.

11. Tanong 11 ng 25

    WA's Criminal Investigation Act 2006, s 16, says force used against a person when exercising a power is also subject to which law?

    • AThe Road Traffic Act
    • BThe Criminal Code
    • CThe Privacy Act
    • DThe Liquor Control Act
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: B. The Criminal Code

    Section 16(3) says any use of force against a person under s 16(1) is subject to The Criminal Code Chapter XXVI.

12. Tanong 12 ng 25

    Under NSW's Liquor Act 2007, when does a patron commit the offence of failing to leave licensed premises?

    • AOnly after the venue has warned them in writing first
    • BOnly if a police officer saw them drinking too much
    • CAs soon as they have had more than four drinks inside
    • DWhen they stay after an authorised person asks them to leave
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: D. When they stay after an authorised person asks them to leave

    NSW Police guidance on section 77 says the fail to quit offence is committed only if the person does not comply with a request to leave and stays on the premises. An authorised person includes the licensee, staff, security and police.

13. Tanong 13 ng 25

    A person refuses to leave a NSW licensed venue and you do not want to use force. Who can the licensee or security ask to help remove them?

    • AOther patrons
    • BA taxi driver
    • CThe bar staff only
    • DThe police
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: D. The police

    NSW Police guidance on section 77 says a licensee, employee or agent may ask police to remove, or help remove, a person the licensee is entitled to turn out.

14. Tanong 14 ng 25

    Under Queensland's Liquor Act 1992, what may an authorised person do if a refused person tries to push their way in?

    • AUse necessary and reasonable force to stop them entering
    • BHold the person in a back room until the venue closes
    • CUse any force needed, because the person has been warned
    • DTake the person's wallet as security until police arrive
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: A. Use necessary and reasonable force to stop them entering

    Section 165A says an authorised person may use necessary and reasonable force to prevent the person from entering premises.

15. Tanong 15 ng 25

    In WA, a person will not leave licensed premises when required. Under the Liquor Control Act 1988, what force may be used to remove them?

    • AAny force the crowd controller likes
    • BOnly force approved by a magistrate
    • CForce that leaves no visible marks
    • DForce that is reasonably necessary
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: D. Force that is reasonably necessary

    WA guidance on s 115 says that if the person does not comply, reasonably necessary force may be used to remove them.

16. Tanong 16 ng 25

    You have removed a patron from a venue. They are now on the footpath, walking away. What should you do?

    • ALet them go, because the reason for force has ended
    • BTake their photo while holding them against a wall
    • CPush them further down the street to make a point
    • DFollow and hold them so they cannot come back later
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: A. Let them go, because the reason for force has ended

    Force is only lawful while it is reasonably necessary. Once the person has left, there is no need for more force.

17. Tanong 17 ng 25

    The person you are holding stops struggling and says they will leave quietly. What should you do?

    • AHold them harder so they know not to struggle again
    • BHold them on the ground until a manager comes to see
    • CRelease your hold and let them leave while you watch
    • DKeep holding them tightly until the end of your shift
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: C. Release your hold and let them leave while you watch

    A response must stay reasonable in the circumstances. Once the threat has ended, continuing force is no longer a reasonable response.

18. Tanong 18 ng 25

    A small, unarmed person pushes you once and then backs away. Which response is most likely to be seen as reasonable?

    • AChase them through the venue and hold them against a wall
    • BKeep your distance, warn them calmly and call for backup
    • CTake them to the ground at once to show who is in charge
    • DPush them back twice as hard so they do not try it again
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: B. Keep your distance, warn them calmly and call for backup

    Self-defence laws require a reasonable response. When the person backs away and is not armed, distance and calm words are usually enough.

19. Tanong 19 ng 25

    Victorian event guidance says crowd controllers should manage patrons in which way?

    • AOnly after a fight starts, so they are not seen as pushy
    • BWith force first, so patrons know the rules are serious
    • CFrom a distance only, leaving all problems to the police
    • DEarly and in a non-aggressive way, to prevent problems
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: D. Early and in a non-aggressive way, to prevent problems

    The Victorian guidelines say crowd controllers can prevent problems rather than just react, and should use non-aggressive patron management early.

20. Tanong 20 ng 25

    Where do security officers learn physical defensive techniques?

    • AIn licence training from a registered training organisation
    • BFrom any experienced co-worker during their first shift
    • CFrom this awareness course, which includes hands-on practice
    • DFrom online videos, which count towards a security licence
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: A. In licence training from a registered training organisation

    The Certificate II in Security Operations includes CPPSEC2106 Protect self and others using basic defensive techniques, delivered through an RTO.

21. Tanong 21 ng 25

    Which item does a Queensland crowd controller licence NOT authorise you to carry?

    • AA two-way radio
    • BA notebook
    • CA torch
    • DHandcuffs
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: D. Handcuffs

    Queensland says the crowd controller licence does not authorise you to carry firearms, handcuffs or batons.

22. Tanong 22 ng 25

    Why is it dangerous to hold a person face down with weight on their back?

    • AIt can stop them breathing properly (asphyxia)
    • BIt makes the person more likely to run away
    • CIt is only risky if the person is very tall
    • DIt makes it harder for CCTV cameras to see them
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: A. It can stop them breathing properly (asphyxia)

    Restraint that presses on the back, chest or neck can cause asphyxia. The NT regulator has issued a practice direction on asphyxia for security licensees.

23. Tanong 23 ng 25

    A person you are restraining says they cannot breathe and goes limp. What should you do?

    • AWait for your supervisor to arrive before doing anything
    • BHold on until they stop talking, as they may be pretending
    • CMove them to a back room and check on them in an hour
    • DRelease the pressure at once, call 000 and give first aid
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: D. Release the pressure at once, call 000 and give first aid

    Trouble breathing is a medical emergency. Release pressure immediately, call Triple Zero (000) and give first aid.

24. Tanong 24 ng 25

    In WA, physical force is used to remove a patron from licensed premises. What must the licensee's written statement include?

    • AOnly the patron's name and the last drink they were served at the bar
    • BA promise that the patron will never be allowed back again
    • CThe opinion of other patrons about whether force was fair
    • DThe reason and each crowd controller who made physical contact
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: D. The reason and each crowd controller who made physical contact

    WA guidance says the statement must give the reason and how the person was removed, and name each crowd controller who made physical contact.

25. Tanong 25 ng 25

    Why should you write detailed notes promptly after using force?

    • ANotes are needed only if the person was badly injured
    • BIt lets you leave out parts you are not proud of
    • CYour actions may later be checked by police or a court
    • DYour notes replace any need to tell your supervisor about it
    Ipakita ang sagot

    Sagot: C. Your actions may later be checked by police or a court

    Use-of-force records can be inspected by police and used in court. WA licensed premises registers, for example, can be inspected by police officers.

Keyboard: 1–4 para sumagot, Enter para sa susunod na tanong.