GED Science Preparation Course: Earth and space science

1. Pytanie 1 z 17

   In the water cycle, what happens when water vapor cools and forms clouds?

   • ARunoff
   • BCondensation
   • CPrecipitation
   • DEvaporation
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   Odpowiedź: B. Condensation

   Condensation is when water vapor cools and changes into liquid droplets, forming clouds.

2. Pytanie 2 z 17

   Which process adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

   • APhotosynthesis
   • BForming new rock layers
   • CPlants growing new leaves
   • DBurning fossil fuels
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   Odpowiedź: D. Burning fossil fuels

   Burning fossil fuels, respiration and decay release carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis removes it.

3. Pytanie 3 z 17

   Why are coal, oil and natural gas called nonrenewable?

   • AThey are made in factories each year
   • BThey take millions of years to form
   • CThey cannot be burned to make energy
   • DThey are found only under the ocean floor
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   Odpowiedź: B. They take millions of years to form

   Fossil fuels formed from ancient living things over millions of years, so they cannot be replaced in a human lifetime.

4. Pytanie 4 z 17

   What is the greenhouse effect?

   • AOcean currents carry cold water to the equator
   • BGases such as carbon dioxide trap heat near the surface
   • CThe ozone layer blocks all sunlight from reaching the ground
   • DPlants make the air warmer at night
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   Odpowiedź: B. Gases such as carbon dioxide trap heat near the surface

   Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor trap heat. More of them traps more heat.

5. Pytanie 5 z 17

   What does the ozone layer do?

   • AMakes rain fall over the oceans
   • BAbsorbs much of the Sun's ultraviolet light
   • CCauses most of the weather that we feel on Earth
   • DTraps heat inside Earth's core
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   Odpowiedź: B. Absorbs much of the Sun's ultraviolet light

   The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs much of the Sun's ultraviolet light. Weather happens in the troposphere.

6. Pytanie 6 z 17

   Which statement describes climate rather than weather?

   • AIt has been snowing hard here since early this morning
   • BThis city averages 30 inches of rain a year
   • CThere was a storm last night
   • DTomorrow will be windy
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   Odpowiedź: B. This city averages 30 inches of rain a year

   Climate is the average pattern over many years. Weather is the condition over hours or days.

7. Pytanie 7 z 17

   Which layer of Earth is liquid?

   • AThe crust
   • BThe mountains
   • CThe inner core
   • DThe outer core
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   Odpowiedź: D. The outer core

   From the outside in: crust, mantle, liquid outer core and solid inner core.

8. Pytanie 8 z 17

   Two plates push into each other. What can form at this kind of boundary?

   • AOnly new ocean floor
   • BNothing, because plates never touch
   • CMountains and volcanoes
   • DA mid-ocean ridge where plates move apart
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   Odpowiedź: C. Mountains and volcanoes

   At a convergent boundary, plates collide and form mountains, volcanoes and deep trenches.

9. Pytanie 9 z 17

   At a transform boundary, two plates slide past each other. What is this boundary known for?

   • ATides
   • BEarthquakes
   • CNew ocean crust forming
   • DTall volcanoes from melting crust
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   Odpowiedź: B. Earthquakes

   When plates slide past each other, stress builds and is released as earthquakes.

10. Pytanie 10 z 17

    Melted rock cools and hardens. What type of rock forms?

    • AMetamorphic
    • BFossil
    • CIgneous
    • DSedimentary
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    Odpowiedź: C. Igneous

    Igneous rock forms from cooled melted rock. Sedimentary rock forms from layers; metamorphic forms under heat and pressure.

11. Pytanie 11 z 17

    Which action best reduces harm from earthquakes?

    • ABuilding levees along rivers
    • BPlanting more grass in city parks
    • CStopping the plates from moving
    • DUsing strong building codes
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    Odpowiedź: D. Using strong building codes

    We cannot stop earthquakes, but strong building codes reduce damage. Levees are for floods.

12. Pytanie 12 z 17

    The table lists undisturbed rock layers. Which fossils are the oldest?

    Layer (top to bottom)	Fossils found
    W (top)	Seashells
    X	Fish bones
    Y	Fern leaves
    Z (bottom)	Trilobites

    • AFish bones in layer X
    • BFern leaves in layer Y
    • CTrilobites in layer Z
    • DSeashells in layer W
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    Odpowiedź: C. Trilobites in layer Z

    By the law of superposition, in undisturbed layers the lowest layer formed first and is the oldest.

13. Pytanie 13 z 17

    A sample has 80 g of a substance with a half-life of 5,730 years. How much is left after 11,460 years?

    • A10 g
    • B40 g
    • C20 g
    • D0 g
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    Odpowiedź: C. 20 g

    11,460 years is 2 half-lives. 80 → 40 → 20 g.

14. Pytanie 14 z 17

    What mainly causes ocean tides on Earth?

    • AEarthquakes on the sea floor
    • BThe heat of Earth's core
    • CWind blowing over the ocean
    • DThe Moon's gravity
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    Odpowiedź: D. The Moon's gravity

    Tides are caused mainly by the pull of the Moon's gravity.

15. Pytanie 15 z 17

    During a solar eclipse, how are the Sun, Moon and Earth lined up?

    • AThe three are not lined up
    • BThe Moon is between the Sun and Earth
    • CEarth is between the Sun and the Moon
    • DThe Sun is between Earth and the Moon
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    Odpowiedź: B. The Moon is between the Sun and Earth

    In a solar eclipse the Moon blocks the Sun. In a lunar eclipse Earth is between the Sun and the Moon.

16. Pytanie 16 z 17

    Why does Earth have seasons?

    • AEarth's axis is tilted
    • BEarth spins once a day
    • CThe Sun's size changes each year
    • DThe Moon blocks the Sun in winter
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    Odpowiedź: A. Earth's axis is tilted

    Because the axis is tilted, each hemisphere gets more direct sunlight for part of the year.

17. Pytanie 17 z 17

    What happens to a very massive star at the end of its life?

    • AIt grows until it becomes a whole new galaxy of stars
    • BIt shrinks and becomes a rocky planet orbiting another star
    • CIt cools slowly into a white dwarf without ever exploding
    • DIt explodes as a supernova
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    Odpowiedź: D. It explodes as a supernova

    Very massive stars end in a supernova. A Sun-like star becomes a red giant, then a white dwarf.

Klawiatura: 1–4, aby odpowiedzieć, Enter – następne pytanie.

Prawdziwy egzamin: 145 on a 100–200 scale