Workplace Health and Safety Basics Course (EU): Reporting accidents and near misses

1. Pytanie 1 z 16

   What is a near miss?

   • AA planned fire drill
   • BA complaint about pay
   • CAn unplanned event that could have caused harm, but did not
   • DAn accident in which someone was injured and needed first aid
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   Odpowiedź: C. An unplanned event that could have caused harm, but did not

   OSHwiki defines a near miss as an unplanned event that had the potential to result in injury, illness or damage.

2. Pytanie 2 z 16

   Which of these is a near miss?

   • AA worker trips on the stairs, sprains an ankle and goes home early
   • BA worker takes sick leave because of flu
   • CA box falls where a worker stood a moment before; nobody is hurt
   • DThe team holds a planned evacuation drill
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   Odpowiedź: C. A box falls where a worker stood a moment before; nobody is hurt

   Nothing harmful happened, but it could have. That makes it a near miss, which should be reported.

3. Pytanie 3 z 16

   Why are near misses worth reporting?

   • AReporting them is only about filling in forms for managers
   • BThey show who should be punished
   • CThey often have the same causes as accidents
   • DThey always lead to fines for the employer
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   Odpowiedź: C. They often have the same causes as accidents

   OSHwiki says the causes of accidents are often the same as those of near misses, so a near miss is a free lesson.

4. Pytanie 4 z 16

   What is the aim of looking into a near miss?

   • ATo learn from it and prevent accidents
   • BTo find out who is guilty and should be disciplined
   • CTo fill in a form and file it
   • DTo decide which worker to fine
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   Odpowiedź: A. To learn from it and prevent accidents

   The aim is to learn and prevent accidents, not to find who is guilty.

5. Pytanie 5 z 16

   Who is responsible for reporting near misses?

   • AOnly senior managers
   • BOnly workers who were hurt
   • CEveryone in the workplace
   • DOnly the safety manager
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   Odpowiedź: C. Everyone in the workplace

   OSHwiki says reporting should be seen as everyone's responsibility, not only management's or the safety team's.

6. Pytanie 6 z 16

   Which practice is most likely to stop workers reporting near misses?

   • APunishing people who report them
   • BTraining new workers to report
   • CTelling reporters what action was taken
   • DMaking the reporting form short and easy
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   Odpowiedź: A. Punishing people who report them

   Workers report more when they know they will not be punished. Fear of blame is a key barrier.

7. Pytanie 7 z 16

   Which detail is useful in a near-miss report?

   • AWhat stopped the event from becoming an accident
   • BWhich worker should be disciplined
   • CThe reporter's opinion of their manager and colleagues
   • DThe reporter's salary
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   Odpowiedź: A. What stopped the event from becoming an accident

   A good report covers what happened, when, where, who was involved, contributing factors, what prevented an accident and ideas to stop it happening again.

8. Pytanie 8 z 16

   How should near-miss reporting be set up?

   • AOnly through a long meeting with senior managers each month
   • BSimple and open to everyone, on paper or electronically
   • COnly once a year in a survey
   • DOnly by email to the national authority
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   Odpowiedź: B. Simple and open to everyone, on paper or electronically

   OSHwiki advises making reporting simple and accessible to everyone, on paper or electronically.

9. Pytanie 9 z 16

   A near miss shows a hazard. What should be done first?

   • AWait for the next yearly review
   • BFile the report and take no action
   • CRemove any immediate danger first, then find a lasting fix
   • DFind a lasting solution first and leave the danger in place
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   Odpowiedź: C. Remove any immediate danger first, then find a lasting fix

   Immediate dangers should be fixed first; permanent solutions are considered after that.

10. Pytanie 10 z 16

    After a near miss has been looked into, what should the person who reported it be told?

    • AOnly the name of the person who will be blamed for it
    • BWhat action was taken, or why none was needed
    • CThat they should not report again
    • DNothing, the matter is closed
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    Odpowiedź: B. What action was taken, or why none was needed

    Feedback to the reporter shows that reports lead to action and encourages more reporting.

11. Pytanie 11 z 16

    After a safety campaign, near-miss reports go up. What does this usually mean?

    • APeople are more aware and are reporting more
    • BThe reports are false
    • CThe workplace has suddenly become much more dangerous
    • DThe campaign failed and should stop
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    Odpowiedź: A. People are more aware and are reporting more

    OSHwiki notes that a rise in reports after a campaign usually reflects greater awareness, not more risk.

12. Pytanie 12 z 16

    What should an investigation of an accident or near miss try to find?

    • AThe root causes
    • BA reason not to change anything
    • CThe cheapest way to close the file
    • DThe worker to blame
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    Odpowiedź: A. The root causes

    OSHwiki says all accidents and near misses should be investigated and their root causes found.

13. Pytanie 13 z 16

    Under the Framework Directive, which accidents must the employer keep a list of?

    • AOnly accidents that cost the employer more than 1,000 euros
    • BOnly accidents that cause a death
    • COnly accidents that happen outdoors
    • DAccidents that cause more than three working days off work
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    Odpowiedź: D. Accidents that cause more than three working days off work

    Article 9(1)(c) requires a list of accidents resulting in a worker being unfit for work for more than three working days.

14. Pytanie 14 z 16

    Look at the table. How many of these accidents must go on the employer's list under Article 9 of the Framework Directive?

    Day	Injury	Working days unfit for work
    Mon	Cut finger	0
    Tue	Sprained wrist	4
    Wed	Bruised knee	3
    Thu	Back strain	7
    Fri	Burn on hand	1
    Sat	Broken toe	12

    • A2
    • B3
    • C6
    • D4
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    Odpowiedź: B. 3

    Only absences of more than three working days count: 4, 7 and 12 days, so 3 accidents. The 3-day absence is not more than three.

15. Pytanie 15 z 16

    Who sets the detailed rules for reporting accidents to the authorities?

    • AThe employer's insurance company alone
    • BEU-OSHA, separately for each company
    • CEach Member State, in its national law
    • DEach worker, case by case
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    Odpowiedź: C. Each Member State, in its national law

    The employer must draw up accident reports for the responsible authorities in line with national laws and practice.

16. Pytanie 16 z 16

    In EU accident statistics, when is an accident at work counted as fatal?

    • AWhen the victim dies within one week
    • BWhen the victim is off work for more than a month
    • COnly when the victim dies at the scene of the accident
    • DWhen the victim dies within one year of it
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    Odpowiedź: D. When the victim dies within one year of it

    Eurostat counts fatal accidents at work as those that lead to the victim's death within 1 year of the accident.

Klawiatura: 1–4, aby odpowiedzieć, Enter – następne pytanie.