Lesson 1: Counter, drive-thru and delivery orders
Quick-service food means fast food restaurants, takeaways, coffee counters and food court outlets. Customers expect two things: speed and getting it right. Good crew members manage both by following the same steps every time.
Serving at the counter
- Greet the customer as soon as they reach the counter. Look up, smile and say hello, even if you are in the middle of a small task.
- Take the order on the till (EPOS) screen. Ask about sizes, drinks, dips and anything to leave out.
- Suggest one relevant extra if it fits, such as a drink or a side. Ask once and accept "no" happily.
- Read the order back from the screen. This catches mistakes before the food is made.
- Take payment and tell the customer their order number and where to wait.
- Check the order against the receipt or screen before you hand it over, and say what is in it.
The drive-thru
- Greet the car as soon as it pulls up to the speaker. Speak clearly and at a steady pace; the customer hears you over engine noise.
- Read the order back and ask the customer to check the screen if there is one.
- At the window, confirm the order number and total, then check the bag against the screen: food, drinks, sauces, straws and napkins.
- Make sure hot drink lids are on firmly and use a carrier for several drinks.
- Never lean out of the window or step into the lane, even if a car leaves without part of its order. Tell your manager.
- Never skip checks to save a few seconds. A wrong order costs more time later.
Delivery apps and collections
- Pack hot and cold items separately and seal bags if your store uses tamper stickers.
- Before handing over, check that the order number or code matches the courier's app.
- Couriers wait in the customer or collection area, never in the kitchen.
- For food sold online or by phone, FSA guidance says allergen information must be available before the purchase is completed and when the food is delivered. Follow your store's system for this, such as labels or notes in the bag.
Calorie labelling in England
In England, out-of-home food businesses with 250 or more employees (full-time and part-time) must show calories in kcal for each portion. This has applied since 6 April 2022. Calories must appear where customers choose their food: menus, menu boards, display cases, online menus and third-party delivery apps. Each menu page must also say "adults need around 2000 kcal a day" (children's menus do not need this statement). These rules apply in England only.
When something goes wrong
- If an item is wrong or missing, apologise and fix it quickly. Do not argue about who made the mistake.
- Food returned by a customer is thrown away. It is never served again.
- Never guess about allergens (see Lesson 2).
Tips and service charges
Since 1 October 2024, employers in England, Scotland and Wales must pass on all tips and service charges to workers without deductions, except in very limited cases such as income tax. Tips must be shared fairly and paid out by the end of the month after the month the customer paid them. Employers that receive tips regularly must have a written tipping policy that workers can see, and keep tipping records for three years. Workers can ask for their tipping record, once in any three-month period.
A cash tip that you receive and keep, with no employer control or involvement, is outside these rules. A pooled tip jar or card tips that the employer collects and shares are covered.
Practical exercise: check the bag before it goes out
Order 47 is a drive-thru order. Compare the order screen with what is in the bag, then answer the questions.
| Order screen | In the bag |
|---|---|
| 2 x cheeseburger, no onion | 2 x cheeseburger (one label says "no onion") |
| 1 x large fries | 1 x medium fries |
| 1 x chicken wrap | 1 x chicken wrap |
| 2 x barbecue dip | 1 x barbecue dip |
| 1 x large cola | 1 x large cola, lid not pressed down |
List every problem you found.
Show answer
Only one burger is marked "no onion", the fries are medium instead of large, one barbecue dip is missing, and the cola lid is loose.
What should you do before handing the bag out?
Show answer
Fix each problem: check the second burger with the kitchen (remake it if it has onion), swap the fries, add the dip and press the lid down. Then read the order to the customer as you hand it over.
The customer says, "Just give it to me, I'm in a hurry." What do you say?
Show answer
Something like: "I'm sorry, I'll be ten seconds. I just want to make sure everything is right for you." A quick fix now is faster than the customer coming back.
Lesson 2: Food safety on the line
The Food Standards Agency (FSA) sets food safety guidance for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Food Standards Scotland does this in Scotland. Local council food safety officers inspect food businesses.
Training and certificates
FSA guidance says food handlers do not have to hold a food hygiene certificate. However, your employer must be able to show that staff have the right skills and up-to-date training for their role, and should keep a record of it. Staff must also be trained to manage allergies. Many employers ask new crew to complete a food hygiene course. This course is background knowledge only and does not replace the training your employer gives you.
Handwashing
Wash your hands with soap and warm water and dry them properly. Wash them:
- before you prepare food
- after touching raw food
- after handling waste or emptying a bin
- after cleaning
- after blowing your nose or touching your face or hair
- after touching phones, light switches, door handles or the till
- after using the toilet
Personal hygiene
- Wear clean protective clothing provided by your employer.
- Tie hair back and wear a hat or hairnet.
- Do not wear watches or jewellery, except a plain wedding band.
- Do not smoke, spit, sneeze over food, eat or chew gum while handling food.
Illness
Tell your manager if you feel unwell, and also if anyone you live with has diarrhoea or vomiting. Staff with diarrhoea, vomiting, infected wounds or skin, fever and similar symptoms must stay out of food areas. After diarrhoea or vomiting, you must not return to work until you have had no symptoms for 48 hours.
Key temperatures
| Step | FSA guidance |
|---|---|
| Cooking | Core temperature of 70°C for 2 minutes is standard. Other safe combinations include 75°C for 30 seconds. Check with a clean probe in the centre. |
| Hot holding | At or above 63°C. Food below 63°C can be held for up to 2 hours only, then cooled to 8°C or below or thrown away. |
| Reheating | Until steaming hot all the way through. Reheat only once. |
| Chilled food | 8°C or below: a legal requirement in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and recommended in Scotland. Set fridges to 5°C or below. |
| Chilled food on display | Out of the fridge for up to 4 hours. Under 4 hours it can go back in the fridge; after 4 hours, throw it away. |
Cross-contamination
Cross-contamination is when bacteria spread between food, surfaces or equipment. Keep raw meat, fish and poultry away from ready-to-eat food like salad and cheese. Use separate chopping boards, utensils and cleaning cloths for raw meat, fish and poultry. Keep equipment such as slicers separate too, or thoroughly disinfect it between uses. Wash your hands between tasks, especially before and after handling raw food.
Allergens
UK law names 14 allergens: celery, cereals containing gluten, crustaceans, eggs, fish, lupin, milk, molluscs, mustard, peanuts, sesame, soybeans, sulphur dioxide and sulphites, and tree nuts. Food businesses must tell customers when food contains any of them.
- Loose food (served or wrapped when ordered): allergen information must be available for every item. It can be written, or given verbally with a clear written notice telling customers to ask staff. The FSA says written information backed up by a conversation works best.
- PPDS food (prepacked for direct sale): food packed on site before the customer orders, such as cartons of nuggets under a heat lamp or wrapped burgers waiting in a chute. Since 1 October 2021 (Natasha's Law), its label must show the name of the food and a full ingredients list with the allergens emphasised, for example in bold.
- Food put into packaging at the customer's request is not PPDS, and nor is food on an open tray.
- If you cannot avoid allergen cross-contact, tell the customer you cannot provide an allergen-free dish. Never guess.
Hygiene ratings and food safety records
In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, inspectors give a food hygiene rating from 0 to 5, where 5 means hygiene standards are very good and 0 means urgent improvement is required. They look at how hygienically food is handled, the condition of the premises, and how food safety is managed (processes, training and systems). Displaying the rating is a legal requirement in Wales and Northern Ireland; in England it is voluntary but encouraged. Scotland uses the Food Hygiene Information Scheme, with results of Pass or Improvement Required.
Small businesses in England and Wales often use the FSA's Safer Food, Better Business pack, with a daily diary of checks. Northern Ireland uses Safe Catering guidance. Fill in any checks you are given honestly and at the time you do them.
Practical exercise: read the temperature log
Here is part of a food court outlet's temperature log in England. Decide whether each reading is OK and what should happen.
| Time | Item | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| 11:00 | Salad fridge | 4°C |
| 11:30 | Chicken on hot hold | 68°C |
| 12:15 | Rice on hot hold | 58°C (dropped below 63°C at 11:45) |
| 13:00 | Cooked chicken, probe in centre | 71°C after 2 minutes |
| 14:00 | Sandwich display, out of fridge since 10:30 | Room temperature |
Is the salad fridge reading OK?
Show answer
Yes. 4°C is below the legal 8°C and below the recommended 5°C setting.
What should happen to the rice by 13:45?
Show answer
It has been below 63°C since 11:45, so it can only stay out until 13:45. By then it must be cooled quickly to 8°C or below or thrown away. Many outlets simply throw it away.
Is the cooked chicken safe?
Show answer
Yes. 71°C held for 2 minutes meets the standard of 70°C for 2 minutes.
What should happen to the sandwiches at 14:00?
Show answer
They have been out of the fridge for 3.5 hours. They can go back in the fridge now, but if they reach 4 hours (14:30) out of the fridge, they must be thrown away.
Lesson 4: Rush hour, stations and teamwork
Lunch, school finishing time and weekend afternoons can bring long queues. A rush goes well when the team is ready before it starts.
Before the rush
- Stock your station: cups, lids, straws, bags, napkins, sauces and packaging.
- Check prep levels and holding cabinets against the forecast your manager gives.
- Empty bins and clean as you go, so you are not cleaning during the busiest minutes.
- Know your station and who is covering breaks.
Stations and calls
Most outlets split the work into stations, such as front counter, drive-thru, grill, fryer, assembly, runner and seating area. Stay at your station unless your shift lead moves you. If you are quiet and others are busy, ask your lead where to help.
| Call | Meaning |
|---|---|
| "Behind!" | I am passing behind you. Do not step back or turn suddenly. |
| "Hot!" | I am carrying something hot. Give me space. |
| "Heard!" | I have received and understood your message. |
| "Two fries dropping" | I have just put two baskets of fries in the fryer. |
Priorities when it is busy
When everything feels urgent, use this order: safety first, then food safety, then accuracy, then speed. Speed comes from good habits, not from shortcuts.
- Wash your hands when moving from raw food to ready-to-eat food, however busy it is.
- Follow hold times. Food that has passed its time is thrown away and cooked fresh.
- Be careful with shortcuts that change the law. For example, FSA guidance says drinks poured and lidded before customers order are PPDS and need a full label.
- If a customer is waiting a long time, acknowledge them and give an honest time.
Stress and teamwork
Rushes are stressful. Take a breath, focus on one order at a time and tell your shift lead early if you are falling behind.
Rest breaks
GOV.UK sets out these usual rest rights. Your contract may give more. Northern Ireland has its own guidance on nidirect.
| Adults (18 and over) | Young workers (over school leaving age, under 18) | |
|---|---|---|
| Break during the day | One uninterrupted 20-minute break if working more than 6 hours | 30 minutes if working more than 4.5 hours |
| Rest between working days | 11 hours | 12 hours |
| Weekly rest | 24 hours each week (or 48 hours each fortnight) | 48 hours |
Whether the break is paid depends on your contract. HSE says young people are at more risk of injury in their first six months of a job and may need more supervision, so ask questions whenever you are unsure.
Lifting deliveries
Boxes of frozen food and drink syrup are heavy. The law does not set fixed weight limits; instead, employers must avoid, assess and reduce manual handling risks. HSE's good handling tips: plan the lift, keep the load close to your waist with the heaviest side next to you, keep your feet apart, do not twist your back, keep your head up, move smoothly, do not lift more than you can easily manage, and put the load down before adjusting it.
Practical exercise: plan the Saturday rush
You are opening a food court outlet with three crew for a Saturday lunch rush starting at 12:00. It is 11:15.
List four things to do before 12:00.
Show answer
For example: stock cups, lids, bags and sauces; check holding cabinets and prep levels; empty bins and clean the counter; agree stations and the break plan.
At 12:40, the till queue is 10 people long and the fryer station is quiet. What should the fryer cook do?
Show answer
Ask the shift lead whether to help on the counter or with assembly, after making sure the fryer is safe and food is in hold.
Your 17-year-old coworker started at 10:00 and is working until 16:00. When should their break be planned?
Show answer
They are working more than 4.5 hours, so they need a 30-minute break. Plan it before 14:30 (4.5 hours after starting), ideally just after the rush.
Lesson 5: Hot equipment, difficult customers and late shifts
Fryers and hot surfaces
- Follow the manufacturer's instructions when emptying a fryer, as HSE advises, and only filter or empty a fryer when you are trained.
- Shake ice off frozen food and lower baskets slowly. Water makes hot oil spit and bubble.
- Never leave a fryer unattended, and never throw water on burning oil. Raise the alarm, turn off the heat if it is safe, and only use a fire blanket or the right extinguisher if you are trained.
- Use oven gloves and warn people with "Hot!" when carrying trays.
Burns
NHS advice: cool the burn under cool running water for 20 minutes as soon as possible. Do not put creams, oils or butter on it. Afterwards, lay cling film over it without wrapping it around. Large or deep burns, and burns from chemicals or electricity, need A&E or 999. Report every burn to your manager.
Knives
Carry knives point down, close to your side. If a knife falls, step back and let it land; never try to catch it.
Difficult customers
HSE defines work-related violence as any incident in which a person is abused, threatened or assaulted in circumstances relating to their work. This includes verbal abuse and threats in person, online or by phone, as well as physical attacks.
- Stay calm and listen without interrupting.
- Acknowledge the feeling: "I can see this is frustrating."
- Explain what you can do, such as remaking the order, and offer a choice where you can.
- Keep your voice low and steady. Do not argue, and do not touch the customer.
- Call your manager if the customer stays angry or asks for someone senior.
- Step away to safety and call 999 if there is a threat of violence or someone is hurt.
Report every incident to your employer, even if you feel fine, so they can support you and improve safety. HSE expects employers to assess the risks, put controls in place, plan for incidents, record and learn from them, and support workers afterwards, including people who saw what happened.
Late shifts and working alone
HSE says employers must manage the risks before anyone works alone, and make sure lone workers can get help quickly if they are hurt or ill. HSE also notes that lone workers and new or vulnerable workers may be at greater risk of violence.
- Lock customer doors at closing time and do not open them for anyone after hours.
- Keep cash in the safe and follow your cash-up procedure.
- Leave with a coworker if you can, and use well-lit routes to transport or your car.
- Make sure someone knows when you have finished and left.
Practical exercise: what would you do?
Decide what you would do or say, then compare with the model answer.
A customer slams their tray down and shouts that their fries are cold.
Show answer
Stay calm, apologise and listen. Say, "I'm sorry about that. I'll get you fresh fries right now." Replace them quickly. If the shouting continues, call your manager.
A customer says they will "wait outside" for you after your shift.
Show answer
Treat it as a threat. Tell your manager straight away, report it in writing, and ask for centre security or police help. Do not leave alone.
A coworker splashes hot oil on their wrist.
Show answer
Get them to cool the burn under cool running water for 20 minutes, tell the first aider and manager, and lay cling film over it afterwards. Do not use butter or creams.
Key terms
The 16 words and rules to know for this test. Read the list or study them as flashcards: flip each card, then mark it "Know it" or "Still learning".
- Read the order back
- Repeating the order from the till screen before it is made, which catches mistakes before any food is cooked.
- Calorie labelling
- In England, food businesses with 250 or more employees must show kcal per portion and state that adults need around 2000 kcal a day.
- Tips law
- Since 1 October 2024, employers in England, Scotland and Wales must pass on all tips and service charges without deductions and share them fairly.
- Food Standards Agency (FSA)
- Sets food safety guidance for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Food Standards Scotland does this in Scotland.
- 48-hour rule
- After diarrhoea or vomiting, you must not return to work until you have had no symptoms for 48 hours.
- Cooking temperature
- A core temperature of 70°C for 2 minutes is the standard, checked with a clean probe in the centre of the food.
- Hot holding
- Keeping cooked food at or above 63°C. Below that it can stay out for up to 2 hours only.
- Chilled food limit
- Keep it at 8°C or below, a legal requirement outside Scotland, with fridges set to 5°C or below.
- Cross-contamination
- Bacteria spreading between food, surfaces or equipment. Keep raw meat away from ready-to-eat food and use separate boards and cloths.
- 14 allergens
- The allergens UK law names, including cereals with gluten, eggs, milk, peanuts, tree nuts, sesame, fish and soybeans. Customers must be told about them.
- PPDS food
- Food prepacked for direct sale before the customer orders. Under Natasha's Law its label needs a full ingredients list with allergens emphasised.
- Food hygiene rating
- An inspection score from 0 to 5 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, where 5 is very good. Scotland uses Pass or Improvement Required.
- Behind and Hot calls
- Kitchen calls warning that someone is passing behind you or carrying something hot. Heard means a message was understood.
- Rush priorities
- Safety first, then food safety, then accuracy, then speed. Speed comes from good habits, not shortcuts.
- Young worker breaks
- Workers under 18 get 30 minutes if working more than 4.5 hours, and 12 hours rest between working days.
- Work-related violence
- Any incident where a worker is abused, threatened or assaulted in circumstances relating to their work, including verbal abuse and threats.
Sources
- GOV.UK (FSA): Staff training, illness and hygiene
- GOV.UK (FSA): Food hygiene for your business, cooking
- GOV.UK (FSA): Food hygiene for your business, chilling and freezing
- GOV.UK (FSA): Food hygiene for your business, avoiding cross-contamination
- GOV.UK (FSA): Allergen guidance for food businesses
- GOV.UK (FSA): PPDS allergen labelling changes for fast food and takeaway restaurants
- GOV.UK (FSA): Food Hygiene Rating Scheme
- Food Standards Scotland: Food Hygiene Information Scheme
- GOV.UK (FSA): Safer Food, Better Business
- GOV.UK: Calorie labelling in the out-of-home sector, implementation guidance
- GOV.UK: Code of practice on fair and transparent distribution of tips
- GOV.UK: Simpler Recycling, workplace recycling in England
- Welsh Government: Workplace recycling
- GOV.UK: Rest breaks at work
- GOV.UK: Rest breaks at work, young workers
- Working Time Regulations 1998, regulation 11 (weekly rest period)
- GOV.UK: Discrimination, your rights
- HSE: Slips and trips in catering
- HSE: Manual handling at work
- HSE: Good handling technique
- HSE: Young people at work
- HSE: Violence and aggression at work, for employers
- HSE: Violence and aggression at work, advice for workers
- HSE: Lone working, protect those working alone
- NHS: Burns and scalds
- Police.uk: Contact the police