Human Trafficking Awareness Course for Guards 2026

1. Vraag 1 van 25

   Under section 279.01 of the Criminal Code, trafficking in persons means recruiting, moving, holding or controlling a person for what purpose?

   • ATo exploit them or help someone else exploit them
   • BTo help them cross a border legally
   • CTo rent them an apartment
   • DTo give them a job interview
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: A. To exploit them or help someone else exploit them

   The offence covers recruiting, transporting, receiving, holding, concealing or harbouring a person, or controlling their movements, to exploit them.

2. Vraag 2 van 25

   A trafficker says the victim agreed to the work. Is consent a defence to human trafficking in Canada?

   • AOnly if the victim was paid something
   • BYes, if the victim signed a contract
   • CNo, the Criminal Code says no consent to the activity is valid
   • DYes, if the victim is over 18
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C. No, the Criminal Code says no consent to the activity is valid

   Section 279.01(2) says consent to the activity is not valid, so a victim's apparent agreement is not a defence.

3. Vraag 3 van 25

   What is the maximum penalty for trafficking in persons when the offender kidnaps the victim or causes their death?

   • ATen years
   • BLife imprisonment
   • CTwo years
   • DFive years
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: B. Life imprisonment

   In aggravated cases the maximum is life imprisonment, with a minimum of five years. Otherwise the maximum is 14 years.

4. Vraag 4 van 25

   Under section 279.03, it is a crime to do what with another person's passport or identity documents to help traffic them?

   • ALook at them during an ID check
   • BHelp them renew the document
   • CMake a photocopy at their request
   • DConceal, remove, withhold or destroy them
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: D. Conceal, remove, withhold or destroy them

   Holding or destroying a person's travel, identity or immigration documents to commit or help trafficking is a separate offence.

5. Vraag 5 van 25

   Under the Criminal Code, exploitation can include causing a person to work or provide a service through conduct that makes them believe what?

   • AThat they will get a raise
   • BThat they are on vacation
   • CThat they are a business owner
   • DThat their safety, or the safety of someone they know, would be threatened if they refused
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: D. That their safety, or the safety of someone they know, would be threatened if they refused

   Section 279.04 describes exploitation as causing someone to provide labour or a service because they fear for their own or someone else's safety.

6. Vraag 6 van 25

   Does human trafficking require crossing a border?

   • ANo, it can happen entirely within one city or community
   • BYes, always
   • COnly for labour trafficking
   • DOnly for people under 18
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: A. No, it can happen entirely within one city or community

   Trafficking happens in communities of all sizes across Canada, and most people trafficked in Canada are citizens, permanent residents or people who arrived legally.

7. Vraag 7 van 25

   What is the main difference between human smuggling and human trafficking?

   • AThere is no difference
   • BSmuggling is always worse
   • CSmuggling involves consent to illegal entry and ends on arrival; trafficking involves ongoing exploitation
   • DTrafficking only happens at airports
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C. Smuggling involves consent to illegal entry and ends on arrival; trafficking involves ongoing exploitation

   Public Safety Canada explains that smuggling involves consent and the person is free on arrival. Trafficking is about controlling and exploiting a person.

8. Vraag 8 van 25

   Who makes up the majority of trafficking victims in Canada?

   • AWomen and girls
   • BTourists
   • CBusiness owners
   • DMen over 60
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: A. Women and girls

   Anyone can be trafficked, but Public Safety Canada says women are the majority of victims in Canada, and the hotline says women and girls face higher risk.

9. Vraag 9 van 25

   Most people who are sex trafficked are trafficked by whom?

   • APolice officers
   • BSecurity guards
   • CSomeone they know and trust, such as a romantic partner, family member or friend
   • DStrangers who kidnap them
   Toon antwoord

   Antwoord: C. Someone they know and trust, such as a romantic partner, family member or friend

   The Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline says most people are trafficked by someone they know and trust.

10. Vraag 10 van 25

    What control method do traffickers rely on most, according to the Canadian Centre to End Human Trafficking?

    • ALocked chains
    • BPsychological manipulation, coercion, threats and shame
    • CLegal contracts
    • DFair wages
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B. Psychological manipulation, coercion, threats and shame

    Traffickers mainly use manipulation, coercion, threats and shame rather than kidnapping or physical restraint.

11. Vraag 11 van 25

    What is a common recruitment pattern in sex trafficking?

    • APosting a public sign asking for victims
    • BMailing a contract to a home
    • CA person acting as a caring romantic partner who offers gifts, attention and promises
    • DOffering free university tuition
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: C. A person acting as a caring romantic partner who offers gifts, attention and promises

    Traffickers often present as romantic partners and build emotional dependence through gifts and promises, then exploit it.

12. Vraag 12 van 25

    Which is a sign of possible sex trafficking listed by the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline?

    • ANo access to their own ID, scripted answers, and a tattoo of someone's name or symbol
    • BPaying with a credit card
    • CShopping with a group of friends
    • DWearing a uniform
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A. No access to their own ID, scripted answers, and a tattoo of someone's name or symbol

    Indicators include lack of access to ID, scripted answers, tattoos linked to a trafficker, fear, and signs of abuse or exhaustion.

13. Vraag 13 van 25

    How many signs are needed to be certain someone is being trafficked?

    • AOnly a confession counts
    • BAt least ten signs
    • COne clear sign is proof
    • DNo single sign proves it; look for patterns over time
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D. No single sign proves it; look for patterns over time

    The hotline stresses that no single sign confirms trafficking. Look for overlapping patterns.

14. Vraag 14 van 25

    Which workers are at higher risk of labour trafficking in Canada?

    • ATemporary foreign workers and people with precarious immigration status
    • BRetired people
    • CWorkers with permanent full-time union jobs
    • DUniversity professors
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A. Temporary foreign workers and people with precarious immigration status

    Temporary foreign workers may not be able to change employers, may not know their rights and may face language barriers.

15. Vraag 15 van 25

    Which of these is a sign of labour trafficking?

    • AWorkers whose ID or work permits are held by the employer and who live where they work under constant watch
    • BWorkers getting overtime pay
    • CWorkers taking lunch breaks
    • DWorkers with a written contract they keep
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A. Workers whose ID or work permits are held by the employer and who live where they work under constant watch

    Holding documents, constant supervision, living on site, withheld pay and threats of deportation are labour trafficking indicators.

16. Vraag 16 van 25

    An employer tells foreign workers they must repay the fee the employer paid to recruit them. What is true in Canada?

    • AOnly half must be repaid
    • BWorkers must always repay it
    • CThe fee goes to the government
    • DWorkers do not have to repay fees their employer paid to recruit or hire them
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D. Workers do not have to repay fees their employer paid to recruit or hire them

    The hotline explains that illegal debts are a common control tool, and workers do not have to repay recruitment fees paid by the employer.

17. Vraag 17 van 25

    You want confidential advice at 3 a.m. about a possible trafficking situation with no immediate danger. Which number do you call?

    • A1-800-668-6868
    • B1-866-925-4419
    • C1-855-242-3310
    • D1-833-900-1010
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D. 1-833-900-1010

    The hotline at 1-833-900-1010 is confidential and available 24/7.

18. Vraag 18 van 25

    Who runs the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline?

    • AThe Canada Border Services Agency
    • BThe Canadian Centre to End Human Trafficking, a charity
    • CEach provincial government
    • DThe RCMP
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B. The Canadian Centre to End Human Trafficking, a charity

    The hotline is run by the Canadian Centre to End Human Trafficking, a non-governmental charity. It is not police or immigration.

19. Vraag 19 van 25

    At a hotel, you see a young person who looks terrified being forced into a car by a man who is hitting her. What should you do?

    • AIgnore it because it may be a family matter
    • BCall the hotline tomorrow
    • CPost it on social media
    • DCall 911 right away and give a clear description and the licence plate
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D. Call 911 right away and give a clear description and the licence plate

    Immediate danger calls for 911. Public Safety Canada says you can call 911 or local police if you think someone is a victim.

20. Vraag 20 van 25

    You notice signs of trafficking but there is no immediate danger. What is the best response?

    • AWrite down what you saw and report it to your supervisor, police or the hotline
    • BTake the person home with you
    • CConfront the suspected trafficker
    • DTry to rescue the person yourself
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A. Write down what you saw and report it to your supervisor, police or the hotline

    Confronting or trying a rescue can put the person and you in danger. Record facts and report to the right people.

21. Vraag 21 van 25

    When you write notes about suspected trafficking, what should they include?

    • ARumours from other staff
    • BYour guesses about the person's past
    • COnly the person's ethnicity
    • DFacts: dates, times, room or unit numbers, descriptions of people and vehicles, and licence plates
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D. Facts: dates, times, room or unit numbers, descriptions of people and vehicles, and licence plates

    Detailed, factual notes help police and the hotline act. Avoid guesses and stereotypes.

22. Vraag 22 van 25

    How should you speak with a person who may be a victim of trafficking?

    • AAsk the person with them to translate
    • BAccuse them of breaking the law
    • CDemand they leave with you now
    • DSpeak calmly and privately if safe, without judgment, and let them know help is available
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: D. Speak calmly and privately if safe, without judgment, and let them know help is available

    A calm, non-judgmental approach builds trust. Do not rely on a possible trafficker to interpret.

23. Vraag 23 van 25

    Why should you avoid using the possible trafficker or their companion as an interpreter?

    • ABecause it costs money
    • BBecause they may control what the person says and put them at risk
    • CBecause interpreters are never allowed
    • DBecause the person always speaks English
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B. Because they may control what the person says and put them at risk

    A trafficker may change the message or punish the person later. Use a neutral interpreter or the hotline's language support.

24. Vraag 24 van 25

    In what year did the Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline launch?

    • A2023
    • B2019
    • C2015
    • D2009
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: B. 2019

    Public Safety Canada says the hotline launched on May 29, 2019, the same year the National Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking was announced.

25. Vraag 25 van 25

    What is the maximum penalty for trafficking a person under 18 when no aggravating factors such as kidnapping are present?

    • AFourteen years
    • BThere is no penalty
    • CFive years
    • DTwo years
    Toon antwoord

    Antwoord: A. Fourteen years

    Under section 279.011, the maximum is 14 years with a minimum of five years, or life with a six-year minimum in aggravated cases.

Toetsenbord: 1–4 om te antwoorden, Enter voor de volgende vraag.